Watershed/nearshore water quality management system

我们的水道受到主要来自市政和工业污水的污染物和细菌污染的影响，污染程度往往高到足以关闭公共游泳区。这些污染源共同影响和限制了我们的用水、娱乐使用和自然栖息地的条件。深入分析地表水中的污染物运输至关重要，因为75%的饮用水来自地表水供应，即湖泊、小溪、河流、水库等。本提案的目标是开发流域/近岸水质管理系统，以实现可接受的近岸水质和安全饮用水（取水设计指南和标准化过程），方法是：(a)使用基于gis的分布式水文模型和雷达降水数据估算极端和气候变化情景下流域出水口的污染图(b)验证三维水动力/污染物运输湖泊具有实地和遥感数据的模型(c)在安大略湖尼亚加拉和金斯顿之间的新岸地区重新安置和拦截源排放方面，评估与基础设施有关的减排备选办法的效益。(d)评估核电站意外泄漏对饮用水入口的影响；(e)利用预测的气象模式作为模型的输入，实现从点污染源和非点污染源的污染物羽流运动的预测。这项建议的新颖之处在于：(a)使用详细的流域数据准确估计点和非点污染源向近岸地区的负荷；(b)校正和验证三维污染物运输模型，该模型结合预报的天气数据，将为核电站、雨水下水道和污水厂旁道的意外泄漏提供可靠的预测。这将为采取行动提供预警，以保护公众的娱乐活动和饮用水供应。

Our waterways are affected by contaminants entering primarily from municipal and industrial effluents and bacterial contamination, often high enough to close public swimming areas. Together these contaminatt sources affect and limit our water consumption, recreational use and condition of natural habitats.Thorough analysis of pollutant transport in surface waters is critical as 75% of drinking water is acquired from surface water supplies, i.e., lakes, creeks, rivers, reservoirs etc. The objective of this proposal is the development of a Watershed/Nearshore Water Quality Management System in order to achieve acceptable nearshore water quality and safe drinking water (water intake design guidelines and standardization processes) by:(a) estimating the pollutographs at the basin outlets to the lake under extreme and climate change scenarios by using GIS-based distributed hydrological model with radar precipitation data(b) verifying the 3D hydrodynamic/pollutant transport lake model with field and remote sensing data(c) assessing the benefits of abatement options related to infrastructure in terms of relocation and interception of source discharges in the neashore areas between Niagara and Kingston in Lake Ontario.(d) assessing the impact of accidental spills from nuclear power plants to water drinking intakes and(e) achieving forecasted pollutant plume movement from point and non-point pollutant sources by using the forecasted meteorological patterns as input to the model.The novelty of this proposal resides with: (a)the accurate estimation of point and non-point pollutant source loading to near-shore area by using detailed watershed data and (b) the calibration and verification of a 3D pollutant transport model that in combination with forecasted weather data will provide reliable forecasts for the movement of accidental spills from nuclear power plants, storm sewers and by-passes from wastewater plants. This will provide advanced warning for action to be taken in order to protect the public's recreational activities and drinking water supply.