Physics of complex systems: emergent properties and dynamical organization

物理、生物和化学系统的性质往往不能通过简单地研究它们的组成部分或成分来理解，而是新兴的。涌现或复杂性的本质可以用这样一句话来概括，即这样一个系统不仅仅是其各部分的总和。通常，涌现的性质和模式与远离平衡的空间和时间的动态组织过程密切相关。了解突发事件的性质和模式、它们的稳定性和导致它们的自组织过程是现代物理学的中心任务之一。这类系统的最新例子包括地震活动和人类心脏，对社会具有巨大的重要性。需要对地震活动有详细的了解，以确保成功的地震危险性评估，并测试成功预测地震的可能性。对心脏动力学的详细了解对于预防心脏颤动和心脏猝死是至关重要的。这一研究计划将建立新的通用概念和工具来描述和理解远离平衡的系统，将通过分析观测数据集来确定通用和通用属性，并将与领先的实验和理论小组合作，为特定类别的系统开发准确的理论。正在考虑的具体现象特别是地震活动模式动力学、岩石破裂和缺陷介导的湍流，将为该领域的新进展提供重要指导。

Physical, biological and chemical systems often have properties that cannot be understood by simply studying their building blocks or constituents but are emergent. The very nature of emergence or complexity can be summarized by the statement that such a system is more than the sum of its parts. Typically, emergent properties and patterns are intimately related to a dynamical organization process in space and time far away from equilibrium. Understanding emergent properties and patterns, their stability and the self-organization processes leading to them is one of the central quests of modern physics.Prominent examples of such systems include seismicity and the human heart, with immense importance for society. A detailed understanding of seismicity is required to ensure successful seismic hazard assessment and to test the possibility of successful earthquake prediction. A detailed understanding of the heart dynamics is essential to prevent fibrillation and sudden cardiac death.This research program on "Physics of complex systems: Emergent properties and dynamical organization" will establish new general concepts and tools to characterize and understand systems far from equilibrium, will identify generic and universal properties by analyzing observational data sets, and will collaborate with leading experimental and theoretical groups to develop accurate theories for specific classes of systems. The specific phenomena under consideration are in particular seismicity pattern dynamics, rock fracture and defect-mediated turbulence and will provide important guidance for new advances in the field.