Physics of complex systems: emergent properties and dynamical networks

复杂系统物理学：涌现属性和动态网络

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04481
• 负责人: Davidsen, Joern
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=589828
• 关键词: Physics; complex; systems; emergent; properties

Physical, geophysical, chemical, living and man-made systems often show behaviors that cannot be understood by studying their building blocks or constituents to ever finer detail but that are emergent. The concept of emergence can be summarized by the statement that there exists an entity (e.g. an organism) which is more than the sum of its parts. Understanding emergent properties and complex patterns, their stability and the self-organization processes leading to them in non-equilibrium systems is one of the central quests of modern physics. Prominent examples of such systems include seismicity and human heart dynamics, neural signaling or biological signaling processes in general, with immense importance for society. A detailed understanding of seismicity is required to ensure successful seismic hazard assessment and to explore the possibility of successful earthquake prediction. A detailed understanding of the brain is essential to tackle brain related diseases such as epilepsy.

物理、地球物理、化学、生命和人造系统经常表现出无法通过研究其构建模块或成分来理解的行为，但这些行为是涌现的。涌现的概念可以概括为这样一个陈述：存在着一个实体（例如有机体），它大于其各部分的总和。理解非平衡系统中的涌现性质和复杂模式，它们的稳定性以及导致它们的自组织过程是现代物理学的中心任务之一。这些系统的突出例子包括地震活动和人类心脏动力学，神经信号或生物信号过程，对社会具有巨大的重要性。为了确保成功的地震危险性评估和探索成功的地震预测的可能性，需要对地震活动性有详细的了解。对大脑的详细了解对于解决癫痫等大脑相关疾病至关重要。