Physics of complex systems: emergent properties and dynamical networks

复杂系统物理学：涌现属性和动态网络

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04481
• 负责人: Davidsen, Joern
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=648716
• 关键词: Physics; complex; systems; emergent; properties

Physical, geophysical, chemical, living and man-made systems often show behaviors that cannot be understood by studying their building blocks or constituents to ever finer detail but that are emergent. The concept of emergence can be summarized by the statement that there exists an entity (e.g. an organism) which is more than the sum of its parts. Understanding emergent properties and complex patterns, their stability and the self-organization processes leading to them in non-equilibrium systems is one of the central quests of modern physics. Prominent examples of such systems include seismicity and human heart dynamics, neural signaling or biological signaling processes in general, with immense importance for society. A detailed understanding of seismicity is required to ensure successful seismic hazard assessment and to explore the possibility of successful earthquake prediction. A detailed understanding of the brain is essential to tackle brain related diseases such as epilepsy.***This research program on "Physics of complex systems: Emergent properties  and dynamical networks" will establish new general concepts and tools to characterize and understand systems far from equilibrium, will identify generic and universal properties by analyzing model systems and large scale data sets, and will collaborate with leading experimental and theoretical groups to develop accurate theories for specific classes of systems. The phenomena under consideration include in particular earthquake triggering and earthquake forecasting in natural and man-made settings as well as neuronal dynamics. Specifically, we expect that our research will close a critical knowledge gap in our understanding of the physics of earthquake-earthquake triggering, which is essential for progress in predicting large earthquakes. We also expect that the proposed research will allow us to develop probabilistic forecasting schemes suitable for seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing for the first time. In addition, we anticipate that our unique study of the emergent properties in neuronal cultures will enable us to make significant contributions to drug development related to neuronal diseases such as epilepsy. This highlights the conceptual importance and far-reaching applications of this research program, promoting interdisciplinary approaches in general and the application of modern tools of statistical physics, nonlinear dynamics and complex network theory to fields outside the classical realm of physics in particular.*** At the same time, the research program will train highly qualified personnel and provide them with a unique, modern and interdisciplinary skill set benefiting the Canadian industry and Canada as a whole.**

物理、地球物理、化学、生命和人造系统经常表现出无法通过研究其构建模块或成分来理解的行为，但这些行为是涌现的。涌现的概念可以概括为这样一个陈述：存在着一个实体（例如有机体），它大于其各部分的总和。理解非平衡系统中的涌现性质和复杂模式，它们的稳定性以及导致它们的自组织过程是现代物理学的中心任务之一。此类系统的突出例子包括地震活动和人类心脏动力学、神经信号或一般生物信号过程，对社会具有巨大的重要性。为了确保成功的地震危险性评估和探索成功的地震预测的可能性，需要对地震活动性有详细的了解。对大脑的详细了解对于解决癫痫等大脑相关疾病至关重要。该研究计划“复杂系统的物理学：涌现特性和动态网络”将建立新的一般概念和工具来表征和理解远离平衡的系统，将通过分析模型系统和大规模数据集来识别通用和通用特性，并将与领先的实验和理论小组合作，为特定类别的系统开发准确的理论。所考虑的现象特别包括自然和人为环境中的地震触发和地震预报以及神经元动力学。具体来说，我们希望我们的研究将填补我们对地震触发物理学理解的关键知识缺口，这对于预测大地震的进展至关重要。我们还希望拟议的研究将使我们能够首次开发适合水力压裂诱发地震活动的概率预测方案。此外，我们期望我们对神经元培养物中涌现特性的独特研究将使我们能够对与神经元疾病如癫痫相关的药物开发做出重大贡献。这突出了该研究计划的概念重要性和深远的应用，促进了跨学科方法的普遍应用，特别是将统计物理学，非线性动力学和复杂网络理论的现代工具应用于经典物理学领域之外的领域。与此同时，该研究计划将培养高素质的人才，并为他们提供独特的，现代的和跨学科的技能，使加拿大工业和整个加拿大受益。