New applications of imaging, electrical and magnetic sensors in earth sciences and engineering

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The research program I propose to undertake under an NSERC Discovery Grant focuses on novel applications of several sensors in earth sciences and engineering. The first thrust concerns applications of three-dimensional laser imaging sensors which are emerging as promising tools in earth sciences. The second thrust relates to the monitoring of the electromagnetic environment of pipelines and water mains. In this case, the innovation resides in the combined use of several sensors.A single laser image is typically composed of millions of points reflected on the surface of an object illuminated by a laser beam. Individual images are assembled into three-dimensional models by specialized software. As part of this research, rocks samples and drill cores will be imaged to a very high accuracy which bridges the gap between microscopy and visual inspection. Software tools will relate this information to geological processes like the cooling of lava flows and the development of porosity in rocks. At a larger distance in the field, panoramic images of rock faces will be acquired. Software will be developed to automatically detect fractures. This research will contribute an increased understanding of stability conditions in tunnels and underground mines. In addition, images taken at different times will be analyzed to detect changing conditions in an effort to mitigate against landslides.Magnetic storms induce currents along pipelines and water mains which can locally accelerate corrosion. My current research has indicated a potential link between the severity of this effect along a natural gas pipeline in the Ottawa River Valley and the electrical properties of geological features in the vicinity. The proposed research will test this hypothesis further in another geological setting and export the methodology developed for pipelines to water mains.