A miniaturised sensor for satellite attitude and orbital determination

用于卫星姿态和轨道确定的小型传感器

• 批准号: 262791-2007
• 负责人: Quine, Brendan
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=366486
• 关键词: miniaturised; sensor; satellite; attitude; orbital

We propose to develop a miniaturised sensor with mass less than 400 g that is able to determine spacecraft orientation, motion and orbit location for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) applications. The sensor will acquire and maintain a four-dimensional attitude quaternion and time derivative using inertial gyro and rate sensors and camera images of the surrounding space to determine uniquely orientation. It will also utilise timing signals broadcast by global positioning spacecraft including the GPS network in order to derive a geospatial location and velocity with respect to Earth. The sensor will estimate high-precision expected mean values of these parameters as they evolve in time using a fourteen-dimensional stochastic state estimator that predicts the spacecraft attitude and broadcasts this information via serial data stream to the spacecraft bus. We propose further to utilise an Earth-motion model in our attitude estimator to provide the first mechatronic device to provide attitude-coordinate predictions with respect to either solar system or Earth-based reference frames as well as predict solar, Lunar and Earth location.  Our star-camera research will also examine additional information that may be extracted from motion blur in camera images.We will design, build and qualify for space flight a prototype sensor in our space-test facility and seek opportunities to contribute sensors to flight opportunities in support of the utilisation of space. Micro-satellites offer access to Earth orbit at a fraction of the cost of traditional space vehicles. Micro-satellites are developed quickly and efficiently by small teams of students and professionals and may be launched inexpensively in multiple batches riding as secondary launch payloads. Space Science and Engineering is a high-technology growth sector. This project will support the training of one graduate student in the CRESS research laboratory.

我们建议开发一种质量小于 400 g 的小型传感器，能够确定低地球轨道 (LEO) 应用的航天器方向、运动和轨道位置。该传感器将使用惯性陀螺仪和速率传感器以及周围空间的相机图像来获取并维持四维姿态四元数和时间导数，以确定唯一的方向。它还将利用包括 GPS 网络在内的全球定位航天器广播的定时信号，以获得相对于地球的地理空间位置和速度。传感器将使用十四维随机状态估计器来估计这些参数随时间变化的高精度预期平均值，该估计器预测航天器姿态并通过串行数据流将这些信息广播到航天器总线。我们进一步建议在我们的姿态估计器中利用地球运动模型来提供第一个机电设备，以提供相对于太阳系或地球参考系的姿态坐标预测，以及预测太阳、月球和地球位置。  我们的星相机研究还将检查可以从相机图像中的运动模糊中提取的附加信息。我们将在我们的空间测试设施中设计、制造原型传感器并使其获得太空飞行资格，并寻求机会将传感器贡献给飞行机会，以支持太空的利用。微型卫星可以以传统航天器成本的一小部分进入地球轨道。微型卫星由学生和专业人士组成的小团队快速有效地开发，并且可以作为二次发射有效载荷以低廉的价格分批发射。空间科学与工程是一个高科技增长领域。该项目将支持 CRESS 研究实验室培训一名研究生。