The risk factors for ecstasy and related drug overdose: A case-crossover study

我们对使用摇头丸和相关药物（ERD）的紧急危害做出反应的能力受到了阻碍，因为我们缺乏对使用者所从事的将他们置于伤害风险中的做法的了解。本研究将在墨尔本两家医院急诊科招募的非致命性ERD过量受害者样本中，检查非致命性ERD急诊科（艾德）入院的风险因素。该研究包括一项关于ERD相关艾德入院危险因素的病例交叉研究，以及一个详细的ERD相关艾德入院病例系列。病例交叉研究将涉及在关键药物使用事件之前发生的行为与典型药物使用行为之间的比较，更具体地说，是在对照使用事件（使用ERD的另一种情况）之前发生的行为。数据将由位于艾德的研究人员收集，通过在受试者稳定和恢复意识后与受试者进行访谈，收集关于关键和控制使用事件的具体信息。病例系列将根据分诊护士标记的所有ERD相关艾德入院病例建立。研究中的潜在风险因素将包括使用药物的环境条件（例如，一天中的时间、物理位置）、其他用药行为、个人因素（例如，哮喘、抑郁）和其他剂量相关问题（例如，购买量、购买来源）。统计分析将确定关键、典型和对照使用事件之间的主要差异。拟议的研究将在了解这些药物使用者的通常做法和行为的背景下，审查与消除一切形式种族歧视有关的危害的风险因素。识别风险行为的瞬时变化将为制定环境敏感的危害最小化策略提供基础。详细病例系列的开发将影响急性ERD相关伤害的治疗和管理。

Our ability to respond to the emergent harms of Ecstasy and Related Drug (ERD) use is hampered by our lack of understanding of the practices users engage in that place them at risk of harm. This study will examine the risk factors for non-fatal ERD Emergency Department (ED) admission in a sample of non-fatal ERD overdose victims recruited through two hospital EDs in Melbourne. The research involves a case-crossover study of the risk factors for ERD-related ED admission, as well as a detailed case series of ERD-related ED admissions. The case-crossover investigation will involve a comparison between behaviours occurring prior to the critical drug use episode with typical drug use behaviours and more specifically those occurring prior to a control use episode (another occasion on which ERDs were used). Data will be collected by Researchers positioned in the ED, with information collected on the specifics of the critical and control use episodes through interviews with participants following stabilisation and a return to consciousness. The case series will be established from all ERD-related ED admissions flagged as such by triage nurses. Potential risk factors under study will include the environmental conditions in which the drug was used (eg time of day, physical location), other drug taking behaviour, personal factors (eg asthma, depression) and other dose-related issues (eg amount purchased, source of purchase). Statistical analysis will establish the major differences between the critical, typical and control use episodes. The proposed research will examine risk factors for ERD-related harms within the context of an understanding of the usual practices and behaviour of users of these drugs. Identifying transient change in risk behaviours will provide a foundation for developing contextually-sensitive strategies for harm minimisation. The development of a detailed case series will impact upon the treatment and management of acute ERD-related harms.