Sustainable urban drainage systems planning

尽管近几十年来在城市污水处理和排水基础设施方面进行了大量公共投资，但管理不当的城市径流继续对城市洪水和接收水退化产生重大影响。城市化的趋势、城市径流量的增加和质量的下降以及气候变化带来的新挑战要求规划、设计和管理城市径流控制系统，以便以明显具有成本效益和适应性管理的方式实现更高水平的径流控制。这个问题是对世界各地城市的一个持续挑战。例如，多伦多市最近（2003年）完成了一项新的潮湿天气流量管理总体规划工作。在未来25年的第一阶段，所需控制措施的未来成本估计将超过10亿美元。这个数字在加拿大可以翻很多倍。过去二十年来，从业人员和研究人员一直面临着可持续基础设施规划、设计和运营的挑战。在城市雨水管理领域，人们创造了可持续城市排水系统（SUDS）一词，以反映这一可持续性目标。虽然SUDS的目标是值得称赞的，并朝着这一目标取得了进展，目前的SUDS实践几乎超出了具体的所谓的最佳管理实践的实施，而任意的条件。目前的办法不能确保规划决定将产生可持续的解决办法。城市排水基础设施需要大量的财政投资，消耗能源，产生温室气体，向接收沃茨输出大量污染物，改变水生能源平衡，并产生造成洪水的水流，通过侵蚀/沉积使河道和生境退化。可持续的城市排水系统规划必须在一个全面、系统和综合的框架内解决所有这些问题。拟议的研究的主要目标是在这样一个框架内开发一个决策支持系统。

Despite massive public investments in urban sewerage and drainage infrastructure over recent decades, inadequately managed urban runoff continues to have significant impacts on urban flooding and receiving water degradation. Trends in urbanization, increased quantities and degraded qualities of urban runoff and new challenges from the spectre of climate change demand that urban runoff control systems be planned, designed and managed to effect higher levels of runoff control in a demonstrably cost-effective and an adaptively managed manner. This issue is a continuous challenge to cities world wide. As an example, the City of Toronto recently (2003) completed a new Wet Weather Flow Management Master Planning exercise. Future costs of required control measures are estimated to be over $1B over the first stage of the next 25 years.69 Most of the required investment would be in hard infrastructure. This statistic could be multiplied many times over in Canada. The challenge of sustainable infrastructure planning, design and operation has faced practitioners and researchers for the past two decades. In the area of urban stormwater management, the term Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) has been coined to reflect this goal of sustainability. Although the goal of SUDS is laudable and progress towards this goal has been made, current SUDS practice goes little beyond the implementation of specific so-called Best Management Practices for rather arbitrary conditions. Current approaches do not ensure that planning decisions will yield sustainable solutions. Urban drainage infrastructure requires massive financial investments, consumes energy, generates greenhouse gases, exports significant pollutants to receiving waters, alters aquatic energy balances, and generates flows that cause flooding and degrade channels and habitats through erosion/sedimentation. Sustainable urban drainage system planning must address all of these issues within a comprehensive, systematic and integrated framework. The primary objective of the proposed research is to develop a decision support system within such a framework.