New paradigms in operations and planning of power distribution systems in the deregulated environment

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As a result of recent technological developments in distributed generation (DG) sources and with the advent of retail competition in the electric power industry, the role of the distribution companies (discos) has gradually evolved into a very important and critical one for a sound and efficient operation of the whole power system. The discos have affected market operations and improved competition and technical aspects of operation in addition to their contribution to service quality and reliability. In the same context, demand response programs/demand side management (DSM) are important policy tools that have an ability to alter power flow patterns within the distribution systems and contribute significantly to enhance the economic efficiency and secure operation for the whole system.