3D optical localization system for multimodal co-registration

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Many non-invasive neuroimaging techniques can be applied to study normal brain functions and brain disorders. However, there is no ideal exploration technique able to measure precisely when (at a millisecond scale) and where (at a millimeter scale) an activity occurred in the brain. Each neuroimaging technique measures part of brain activity through different mechanisms (neuronal electricity, oxygen consumption), being sometimes more dedicated to the question "where?" (good spatial resolution) or to the question "when?" (good temporal resolution). The objective of my research project is to combine appropriately these multimodal data to precisely characterize underlying brain activity. We assume that by combining multimodal data we will be able to detect additional information that could be missed by considering each modality individually, and that the information obtained in one modality can enhance the analysis in another. In this context, controlling acquisition geometry is a key issue to ensure that we are measuring signals from the same brain region from one modality to another. Many of these imaging techniques such as Electro-EncephaloGraphy (EEG), Magneto-EncephaloGraphy (MEG) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measure brain signals through electrodes, sensors or optic fibers placed on the scalp. Accurate localization of these measurements locations with the anatomy of each subject, modeled through anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data, is essential before multimodal data fusion.