Ultrasound imaging in reproductive science

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"Gray-scale, real-time ultrasonography is the most profound technological advance in the field of animal research and clinical reproduction since the introduction of transrectal palpation and radioimmunoassay." This is as true today as when it was first stated by pioneering reproductive physiologist, OJ Ginther in 1986. Ultrasonography provides a window through which we may view the internal form and function of the body instantly, repeatedly, and without disruption or deleterious effects. Ultrasonography has been employed in the study of reproductive events more than in any other field of study, and has revolutionized our understanding of ovarian follicle and luteal dynamics, ovulation, reproductive cycle endocrinology, embryo-uterine interactions, and the effects of treatments designed to improve or prevent conception. The bovine model of ovarian function is perhaps the most well-studied of any species, and discoveries of follicular wave patterns and the mechanism of selection of the dominant/ovulatory follicle have formed the basis of subsequent studies in many other species, including women. We have been at the forefront of this research. We will employ the use of portable, high-resolution ultrasound equipment to on-going studies of mechanisms controlling ovarian function in domestic species (e.g., bovine and camelid), and establish the normal characteristics of the reproductive cycle of wild threatened species (Wood bison, Northern fur seal). Studies will include computer-assisted analysis of 2- and 3-dimentional ultrasound images of ovarian follicles, corpora lutea and vascularity, to test the hypothesis that the physiologic stage and health of the reproductive cycle can be accurately assessed on the basis of a single ultrasound examination. Technological advances in ultrasound equipment have provided exciting opportunities to test this hypothesis using images acquired under strict laboratory settings, as well as those collected in the field. An investment in a new, state-of-the-art ultrasound system is needed at this time to ensure a position of pre-eminence that has been established as a result the applicants' NSERC-supported research programs.