Characterizing the effects of dietary and endogenous factors on amino acid requirements of fish

表征膳食和内源因素对鱼类氨基酸需求的影响

• 批准号: 238765-2009
• 负责人: Bureau, Dominique
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=425656
• 关键词: Characterizing; effects; dietary; endogenous; factors

High commodity prices created a strong impetus for feed manufacturer to focus on improving cost-effectiveness of fish feeds. Fish feed manufacturers have significantly reduced fish meal level and have been relying more heavily on more economical protein sources in their feeds. This increased reliance on protein sources with different (poorer) amino acid profiles has brought about the need to pay greater attention to the essential amino acids (EAA) requirements of fish. A critical review of the literature reveals very significant gaps in our understanding of amino acid nutrition of fish. There is a multitude of opinions as to the optimal levels and best mode of expression of essential amino acid (EAA) requirements for fish. This situation often limits the ability of feed manufacturers to meaningfully improve the cost-effectiveness of feeds and/or adapt feed formulations to a changing commodities market (e.g. relative low price of protein sources compared to lipid sources). The root cause of the conflicting views appears to be our poor understanding of the effect of endogenous (e.g., species, life stage) and dietary factors on EAA utilization and requirements of fish. The regulation of amino acid catabolism of fish may also be slightly different from that of monogastric terrestrial animals. The adaptation of models developed for swine and poultry to fish nutrition resulted in poor predictions, notably for large rainbow trout.

高商品价格为饲料制造商创造了强大的动力，使其专注于提高鱼饲料的成本效益。鱼饲料制造商已大幅降低鱼粉含量，并在饲料中更严重地依赖更经济的蛋白质来源。这种对具有不同（较差）氨基酸谱的蛋白质来源的依赖增加，导致需要更加关注鱼类的必需氨基酸（EAA）需求。对文献的批判性回顾揭示了我们对鱼类氨基酸营养的理解存在很大的差距。关于鱼类必需氨基酸（EAA）需求的最佳水平和最佳表达模式，存在多种观点。这种情况往往限制了饲料制造商有意义地提高饲料成本效益和/或使饲料配方适应不断变化的商品市场的能力（例如，与脂质来源相比，蛋白质来源的价格相对较低）。矛盾观点的根本原因似乎是我们对内源性影响的理解不足（例如，种类、生活阶段）和饲料因素对鱼类EAA利用和需要量的影响。鱼类氨基酸代谢的调节也可能与单胃陆生动物略有不同。为猪和家禽开发的适应鱼类营养的模型导致预测不佳，特别是对大型虹鳟鱼。