Endogenous and nutritional determinants of protein and lipid deposition in fish

鱼类蛋白质和脂质沉积的内源性和营养决定因素

• 批准号: 238765-2006
• 负责人: Bureau, Dominique
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=364460
• 关键词: Endogenous; nutritional; determinants; protein; lipid

The "state-of-the-art" in fish nutrition is the formulation of diet on a digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) basis, and the use of bioenergetics models to estimate production and feed rations. These approaches are useful and user-friendly. However, they have serious limitations since they are too simplistic. The central objective of my research program is, therefore, to develop more rational and mechanistic approaches of representing growth, and feed and nutrient utilization in fish. I am attempting to achieve this objective by carrying out studies to generate information on poorly documented aspect of nutrient utilization, and by integrating available information through the construction of models. The approach I use recognizes that growth of animals is determined by the accretion of body components (water, proteins, lipids, minerals, etc.).  The amounts of body component deposited and efficiency with which nutrients are converted into body components are the main factors determining feed requirement and waste outputs of fish. The amount of body components deposited and the efficiency with which the nutrients are converted, are affected by numerous endogenous (species, genetics, life stage) and exogenous (diet composition, feeding level, environment, season) factors. It is essential to examine the effects of these different factors in order to develop accurate models. The proposed project will 1) characterize phospholipids and triglycerides deposition and mobilization processes as a function of dietary and endogenous factors, 2) better define the effect of lipid intake, triglyceride deposition rate, and lipid stores on amino acid catabolism, and the efficiency conversion of surplus amino acids into fatty acid in large (>500 g) rainbow trout, and 3-) develop a mechanistic nutrient-flow model that takes into account the biology of fish, the characteristics of dietary nutrient utilization and partitioning in fish, and the constraints associated with aquaculture production.

鱼类营养的“最先进”是在可消化蛋白质（DP）和可消化能量（DE）的基础上制定饮食，并使用生物能学模型来估计产量和饲料配给量。这些方法很有用且用户友好。然而，它们有严重的局限性，因为它们过于简单化。因此，我的研究计划的中心目标是开发更合理和机械的方法来表示鱼类的生长、饲料和营养利用。我试图通过开展研究来生成有关养分利用方面记录不足的信息，并通过构建模型整合可用信息来实现这一目标。我使用的方法认识到动物的生长是由身体成分（水、蛋白质、脂质、矿物质等）的增加决定的。  身体成分的沉积量和营养物质转化为身体成分的效率是决定鱼的饲料需求和废物排出量的主要因素。身体成分的沉积量和营养物质转化的效率受到许多内源性（物种、遗传、生命阶段）和外源性（饮食成​​分、喂养水平、环境、季节）因素的影响。为了开发准确的模型，有必要检查这些不同因素的影响。拟议项目将 1) 表征磷脂和甘油三酯沉积和动员过程作为饮食和内源性因素的函数，2) 更好地定义脂质摄入、甘油三酯沉积率和脂质储存对氨基酸分解代谢的影响，以及大型（> 500 g）虹鳟鱼中剩余氨基酸转化为脂肪酸的效率，以及 3-) 开发一种机制 养分流模型考虑了鱼类的生物学、鱼类膳食养分利用和分配的特征以及与水产养殖生产相关的限制。