Mathematical synthesis of application and theory in quantum error correction

随着计算机芯片和晶体管尺寸的缩小，工程师最终将被迫使用电子和原子等物体来编码比特信息，因此将被迫处理神秘的“量子世界”。几十年来，科学家们一直认为这是一个核心问题，但直到过去十年，才有证据表明，量子效应可以被用于一种新的“量子计算”，它将非常简单地彻底改变我们所知的计算和密码学世界。近年来在实验和理论方面的进展在科学界引起了极大的兴奋，但如果要实现量子计算和密码学的承诺，仍有许多根本性的问题需要克服。将这些成功推广到大规模多体量子系统是现代科学中最困难和最有趣的问题之一。

As computer chips and transistors shrink in size, engineers will eventually be forced to use objects such as electrons and atoms to encode bits of information, and hence will be forced to deal with the mysterious "quantum world". Scientists have recognized this as a central issue for several decades, but only within the past decade was it shown that quantum effects could be harnessed for a new kind of "quantum computing" that would quite simply revolutionize the world of computing and cryptography, as we know it. The experimental and theoretical progress of recent years has generated tremendous excitement within the scientific community, but there are still many fundamental issues to overcome if the promises of quantum computing and cryptography are to be realized. Extending these successes to large-scale many body quantum systems is one of the most difficult and intriguing problems in modern science.