Linking arthropod biodiversity and food webs with changes in surface and below-ground detritus

将节肢动物生物多样性和食物网与地表和地下碎屑的变化联系起来

• 批准号: 312107-2010
• 负责人: Work, Timothy
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=457289
• 关键词: Linking; arthropod; biodiversity; food; webs

Relating between biodiversity to ecosystem function continues to gain relevance in ecology. Increasing diversity is thought to affect ecosystem functions through both selection [also termed 'sampling' effects] and complementarity effects which partition the effects of species with superior performance from those of synergistic species mixtures. Critical ecosystem functions such as decomposition of detrital biomass in boreal forests are further regulated by interactions between above- and below-ground communities. I will compare diversity of saproxylic arthropods and fungi between surface and buried CWM across 1) mixedwood and black-spruce dominated chronosequences [spanning >300 years] and 2) managed jack-pine stands where CWM volume has been experimentally altered through forest harvesting. I will then perform a series of controlled experiments where species and functional group diversity is increased sequentially at three trophic levels [wood decaying fungi, fungivores and predators] and overall effects on wood decomposition rate are measured. These experiments will be complemented by an additional experiment designed to separate selection and complementarity effects at each trophic level. Taken together these studies will provide clear understanding of how species diversity and above- and below-ground food webs interact to control the accumulation of detrital biomass in boreal soils. Understanding below-ground detrital dynamics is important as below-ground stocks of detrital C are often neglected in carbon balance models and can be greater than those found above-ground. By comparing changes in diversity and composition across a range of stand ages and management activities I will be able to further generalize when forest management will have greatest effects on ecosystem functions. By partitioning selection and complementarity effects, I will also be able determine when additional fine filter conservation strategies [as indicated by relatively strong selection effects] will be required to maintain ecosystem functions in managed forests.

生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的联系在生态学中继续获得相关性。 人们认为，增加多样性会通过选择[也称为“抽样”效应]和互补效应影响生态系统功能，互补效应将具有优越性能的物种的影响与协同物种混合物的影响分开。 北方森林碎屑生物量的分解等关键生态系统功能进一步受到地上和地下群落之间相互作用的调节。 我将比较地表和埋藏的 CWM 之间腐木节肢动物和真菌的多样性，涵盖 1) 混合木和黑云杉主导的时间序列 [跨越 > 300 年] 和 2) 管理的短叶松林，其中 CWM 体积已通过森林采伐实验性改变。 然后，我将进行一系列受控实验，其中物种和功能组多样性在三个营养级别（木材腐烂真菌、食真菌动物和捕食者）依次增加，并测量对木材分解率的总体影响。 这些实验将由一个额外的实验来补充，该实验旨在分离每个营养水平的选择和互补效应。 总而言之，这些研究将提供对物种多样性和地上和地下食物网如何相互作用以控制北方土壤碎屑生物量积累的清晰了解。 了解地下碎屑动态非常重要，因为地下碎屑碳储量在碳平衡模型中经常被忽略，并且可能大于地上发现的碳储量。 通过比较一系列林龄和管理活动的多样性和组成变化，我将能够进一步概括森林管理何时对生态系统功能产生最大影响。 通过区分选择和互补效应，我还能够确定何时需要额外的精细过滤保护策略（如相对较强的选择效应所示）来维持管理森林中的生态系统功能。