Maintaining biodiversity in managed forests in the face of multiple ecosystem stressors

面对多种生态系统压力，维持管理森林的生物多样性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06494
• 负责人: Work, Timothy
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741249
• 关键词: Maintaining; biodiversity; managed; forests; face

Increasing stress from invasive species and climate change will likely be major contributors to biodiversity decline in managed forests. Recovery and long-term persistence of biodiversity will likely only occur through 1) `habitat rescue' (HR) where forest resilience and returning habitat quality are sufficient to maintain positive growth of resident species or 2) an `evolutionary rescue' (ER) whereby external stressors provoke rapid evolution in life history traits that promote fitness and maintain positive population growth. In this proposal, I provide a comprehensive research program that will detail how HR and ER affect biodiversity in managed forests and how HR/ER can be integrated into land-use strategies meant to adapt/transition forests under global change. I have proposed an ambitious series of field experiments/studies that will validate recovery rate of biodiversity through HR and test key assumptions of ER. These experiments will be conducted within a network of ecosystem management studies in Eastern Canada where I have measured biodiversity response of >100 species of ground beetles over the last two decades. These studies build on long-term studies that I have pioneered and employ rigorous, manipulative field experiments required to identify the relative importance of local recruitment/rapid evolution vs regional dynamics governed by dispersal. A unique aspect of this project is a retrospective study of life-history trade-offs in fecundity and dispersal capacity that will be quantified by dissection of preserved ground beetles collected over 20 years. This experiment will allow us to observe any changes in life-history traits related to HR and ER - as they happened. Together these studies will serve to 1) characterize speed of HR, 2) evaluate changes in life history traits in local populations resultant from HR/ER, 3) identify the relevance of regional process like dispersal for HR/ER, 4) evaluate direct and indirect effects of invasive species, 5) integrate effects of HR/ER/climate change on long-term biodiversity response to predict future `bioscapes' under adaptive silvicultural strategies for global change and other land-use scenarios developed through consultation with diverse stakeholders including first nations and rural communities. This research program will provide land-managers and policy makers with quantitative time-tables for recovery of biodiversity. Demonstration of ER in natural communities in managed forest ecosystems would present an entirely new set of strategies to conserve and possibly use forest management to transition biodiversity to future forest landscapes. This constitutes `adaptive forest management' in the most literal sense. It will also predict future `bioscapes' that can be used to assess adaptive silvicultural strategies for climate change as well and more inclusive management scenarios developed with a wider range of stakeholders such as first nations and rural communities.

入侵物种和气候变化造成的压力越来越大，可能是造成有管理森林生物多样性下降的主要因素。生物多样性的恢复和长期持久性很可能只有通过以下方式才能实现：1）“生境拯救”，即森林复原力和恢复的生境质量足以维持留居物种的正增长;或2）“进化拯救”，即外部压力刺激生活史特征的快速进化，促进适应性和维持人口正增长。在这份提案中，我提供了一个全面的研究计划，将详细介绍人力资源和ER如何影响生物多样性管理的森林，以及如何人力资源/ER可以整合到土地利用战略意味着适应/过渡下的全球变化的森林。 我提出了一系列雄心勃勃的实地实验/研究，将通过人力资源和测试ER的关键假设验证生物多样性的恢复率。这些实验将在加拿大东部的生态系统管理研究网络中进行，在过去的二十年里，我测量了超过100种地面甲虫的生物多样性反应。这些研究建立在长期研究的基础上，我开创了严格的，操作性的实地实验，以确定当地招聘/快速进化与分散控制的区域动态的相对重要性。这个项目的一个独特的方面是一个回顾性的生活史权衡繁殖力和扩散能力，将被量化的解剖保存地面甲虫收集超过20年的研究。这个实验将使我们能够观察到与HR和ER相关的生活史特征的任何变化-当它们发生时。 这些研究将共同用于1）表征HR的速度，2）评估HR/ER导致的当地种群生活史特征的变化，3）确定HR/ER的区域过程（如扩散）的相关性，4）评估入侵物种的直接和间接影响，5）综合HR/ER/气候变化对长期生物多样性响应的影响，以预测未来的生物多样性。在与包括原住民和农村社区在内的不同利益攸关方协商后制定的适应全球变化的造林战略和其他土地使用设想方案下，开展了“生物景观”项目。该研究计划将为土地管理者和政策制定者提供恢复生物多样性的定量时间表。在管理的森林生态系统中的自然群落中进行ER示范将提出一套全新的战略，以保护并可能利用森林管理将生物多样性过渡到未来的森林景观。这就是最字面意义上的“适应性森林管理”。它还将预测可用于评估适应气候变化的造林战略的未来“生物景观”，以及与第一民族和农村社区等更广泛的利益攸关方共同制定的更具包容性的管理设想。