Evaluating conservation value and insect biodiversity within the Ya'nienhonhndeh territory of the Huron-Wendat Nation

Ya‘nienhonhndeh地区是魁北克最后保存完好的森林之一，从未被商业砍伐过。这一区域位于休伦-温达特民族的传统领土上，因此是监测向管理更严密的森林过渡的更大影响以及干扰制度变化(如云杉芽孢子虫等落叶昆虫暴发)的关键生态基准。Ya‘nienhonhndeh地区还可能拥有生物多样性和关键栖息地，这些生物多样性和关键栖息地已经被数百年的自然干扰动态塑造。在这项与加拿大林业局和加拿大林业局的合作中，我们将比较在1)云杉幼虫严重危害和广泛死亡、2)云杉幼虫较轻危害(许多大直径的遗留树木仍然存在)和3)在Ya‘nienhonhndeh周围采伐后再生的林分中森林昆虫物种组合的差异。我们将特别关注两类昆虫：攻击落叶昆虫的多面性寄生昆虫和与生态遗产有关的腐生昆虫，如大直径枯木。我们将使用多种诱捕技术对这些昆虫进行采样，包括飞行拦截陷阱、萎靡不振类型的陷阱、粘卡和放置在现有死木上的紧急陷阱。所有标本将被鉴定为物种，并将使用广义线性混合模型和多元回归树进行比较。我们假设，物种丰富度最高的林分中，虫害较轻，这与遗留栖息地的存在和相对新鲜的枯木从直立树木中涌入有关。我们预计，严重受损的林分中腐烂昆虫的数量将会减少，部分原因是缺乏新鲜的枯木。我们预计，与采伐后更新的林分相比，亚年农德的两种林分都有更多的昆虫种群。随着对加拿大森林的开发继续扩大，气候变化的持续影响不断累积，Ya‘nienhonhndeh地区的生物多样性比较将成为保护和现实森林管理目标的重要参照点。

The Ya'nienhonhndeh region is among the last intact forest in Quebec and has never been commercially logged. This region, located on the traditional territory of the Huron-Wendat Nation, thus serves as a critical ecological benchmark for monitoring larger effects of the transition to more intensely managed forests as well changes in disturbance regimes such as outbreaks of defoliating insects like the spruce budworm. The Ya'nienhonhndeh region may also harbor biodiversity and critical habitats that have been shaped by centuries of natural disturbance dynamics. In this collaboration with the Bureau de Nionwentsïo and the Canadian Forest Service, we will compare differences in species assemblages of forest insects in stands the have regenerated following 1) severe spruce budworm damage with extensive mortality, 2) lighter spruce budworm damage where many large diameter, legacy trees remain and 3) stands which have regenerated from clearcutting which surround the Ya'nienhonhndeh. We will focus specifically on two insect groups: generalist parasitoids which attack defoliating insects and saproxylic insects that are linked to ecological legacies such as large diameter deadwood. We will sample these insects using multiple trapping techniques including flight intercept traps, malaise-type traps, sticky cards and emergence traps placed over existing deadwood. All specimens will be identified to species and will be compared using both generalized linear mixed models and multivariate regression trees. We hypothesize that species richness will be greatest in stands with lighter budworm damage related to the combined presence of legacy habitats and an influx of relatively fresh deadwood from standing trees. We anticipate the severely damaged stands will harbor fewer saproxylic insects in part due a lack of fresh deadwood. We expect both stand types in the Ya'nienhonhndeh will have greater abundance and richness of both insect groups than stands regenerating from clearcuts. As exploitation of Canadian forests continues to expand and continued impacts from climate change accumulate, biodiversity comparisons within the Ya'nienhonhndeh will be a critical reference point for conservation and realistic forest management targets.