Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying single-cell C4 photosynthesis in chenopodiaceae species

所有光合作用的有机体都执行一种被称为光合作用的常见生物过程，将大气中的二氧化碳转化为对所有其他形式的生命至关重要的有机产品。在陆生植物中，C3、C4和景天酸代谢是三种常见的光合作用模式，其中C4植物在二氧化碳限制条件下是最有效的。长期以来，人们一直认为C4光合作用的运作需要两种被称为Kranz解剖结构的光合作用细胞的合作，这两种类型的光合作用在超微结构和生化上是不同的。这一模式最近被打破，因为发现藜科的三个成员在单个细胞内进行C4光合作用。这些物种通过将细胞器和光合酶空间划分为两个亚细胞域，实现了在单个细胞内运行C4光合作用机制的新颖解决方案。因此，这些独特的物种为探索单一植物细胞中复杂结构和功能极性的调控提供了理想的模式系统。

All photosynthetic organisms perform a common biological process referred to as photosynthesis to convert atmospheric CO2 into organic products essential for all other forms of life. In terrestrial plants, three common modes of photosynthesis, C3, C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism, have been identified with C4 plants being the most efficient under CO2 limiting conditions. It has long been accepted that the operation of C4 photosynthesis requires cooperation of two photosynthetic cell types called Kranz anatomy, which differ in ultrastructure and biochemistry. This paradigm was recently broken with the discovery that three members of the family Chenopodiaceae conduct C4 photosynthesis within individual cells. These species achieve novel solutions for the operation of the C4 photosynthetic mechanism within a single cell through spatial partitioning of organelles and photosynthetic enzymes into two subcellular domains. Therefore, these unique species provide ideal model systems with which to probe regulation of complex structural and functional polarity in a single plant cell.