New glutamate carboxypeptidase II ligands: novel drugs for neurological diseases, therapy and in vivo diagnostic of prostate cancer

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The glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a cell membrane-bound enzyme highly restricted to the brain, kidney tubules, the gastric and prostatic epithelium, overexpressed in prostate carcinoma. GCPII hydrolyses the substrate NAAG, a neuropeptide implicated in disorders that are thought to involve abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission. In prostate cancer cells, the level of expression of GCPII follows the stage of the disease suggesting that it facilitates the development of cancer and metastatic process. There is significant interest in GCPII, as it is ideal for the development of specific targeted strategies, and offers opportunities for creating novel drugs for the clinical management of neurological diseases and the therapy or the in vivo diagnostic of prostate cancer.