The study of surface reactions under dynamic conditions

动态条件下表面反应的研究

• 批准号: 170239-2008
• 负责人: Mims, Charles
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=476210
• 关键词: study; surface; reactions; under; dynamic

This research seeks deeper understanding of key chemical reactions which occur on the surfaces of catalysts and electrocatalysts. These reactions lie at the heart of attractive alternate energy conversion technologies and currently constitute a major barrier to their use. Greater energy efficiency and flexibility combined with lower environmental impact requires improvements in the basic chemistry - which we hope will result from the understanding gained in this work. The processes include the use of hydrogen as an energy "currency" by improving our ability to make methanol from hydrogen and carbon dioxide, thus "storing" hydrogen chemically and providing safer transport and storage as well as being a useful fuel in this form. Also addressed are the surface reactions at the electrodes in fuel cells, particularly the activation of oxygen. This simple reaction is a major barrier to the widespread introduction of fuel cells for distributed power generation, including automobiles. A third target lies at the heart of processes to efficiently convert waste carbonaceous material to clean, high value natural gas. The increased understanding in the fundamental mechanisms of these reactions should enable improvements to these attractive technologies. In this program,advanced analytical techniques, recently available will be used to observe the details of the surface chemistry involved and provide this understanding.

这项研究旨在更深入地了解催化剂和电催化剂表面发生的关键化学反应。这些反应是有吸引力的替代能源转换技术的核心，目前构成了使用这些技术的主要障碍。更高的能源效率和灵活性以及更低的环境影响需要基础化学的改进-我们希望这将从这项工作中获得的理解中产生。这些过程包括通过提高我们从氢气和二氧化碳中制造甲醇的能力来使用氢气作为能源“货币”，从而以化学方式“储存”氢气并提供更安全的运输和储存，以及作为这种形式的有用燃料。还解决了燃料电池中电极的表面反应，特别是氧的活化。这种简单的反应是广泛引入燃料电池用于分布式发电（包括汽车）的主要障碍。第三个目标是有效地将废含碳材料转化为清洁的高价值天然气的方法的核心。对这些反应的基本机制的进一步了解应该能够改进这些有吸引力的技术。在这个程序中，先进的分析技术，最近将被用来观察所涉及的表面化学的细节，并提供这种理解。