Mechanisms by which long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance bone

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It is commonly accepted that nutrition plays an important role in biology. This is true for establishing strong bones and preventing fractures. An omega fat, called docosahexanoic acid (or DHA for short), is commonly obtained from fatty fish and is linked to stronger bones. From previous studies DHA seems to work by reducing bone loss more so than adding more bone. However, scientists need to understand how the body uses this omega fat to enhance bone. To explore the ways that DHA alters bone, small amounts are fed to various animal species for about 3 months. At the end of the study, x-ray techniques are used to create images of bone and to estimate bond density. Other techniques are used to show which proteins are altered in bone using microscopes. Additionally, small blood samples are taken from a leg vein and measured for DHA plus hormones and proteins that are delivered to bone where they act. To prove that DHA works through a "lock and key" system, receptor proteins that bind DHA in bone will be blocked by feeding drugs that bind to the receptor and prevent DHA's action. This research is novel since no researcher has yet discovered how DHA works in bone. As a research training program, many highly qualified young professionals will be trained over five years using sophisticated technology. Such training will enable either further degree studies or careers in industry, academia or government where knowledge of similar technology is required.