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Origin and evolution of tetraploid species in genus elymus

披碱草属四倍体物种的起源和进化

基本信息

批准号：
238425-2008
负责人：
Sun, Genlou
金额：
$ 1.36万
依托单位：
Saint Mary's University
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=478851
关键词：
Origin evolution tetraploid species genus

项目摘要

Wheatgrass genus Elymus is within the same group as wheat, barley and rye. Grasses within this genus have adapted to various climates and habitats, making them valuable genetic resources for cereal and forage breeding as well as an excellent group for research in evolution, taxonomy, and speciation. All wheatgrasses are made up of at least two different sets of chromosomes with most species having the StY and StH chromosome combination. There are about 50 species with StH combination. The St genome comes from ancestor species in genus Pseudoroegneria and H from wild barley. One debate on this group has been whether different StH species arose by an ancient cross between the one pair of parents, a Pseudoroegneria species and a wild barley and then differentiated into a number of species (single origin), or different StH species arose by crosses between different pairs of the parents at different times and places (multiple origins). We will test whether the St and H genomes in Elymus are of multiple origins. It has been hypothesized that allopolyploid StY species may have an origin from autopolyploid (StStStSt) and the same genome differentiated gradually within the polyploid species resulting in today's StY genome allotetraploid Elymus. Our rpb2 data did not support the same origin of St and Y genome in StY species. Phylogenetic analysis of the StY species usig other genes will test whether StY species are allopolyploid origin. My study will be designed to test whether the St and H haplomes in StH species are of multiple origins, and characterize differences between cytogenetically distinct StH and StY species. Lastly, I shall test if StY genome species is allo- or autopolyploid origin and examine genetic relationships of the Y genome to other genomes in Triticeae.

冰草属Escherichus与小麦、大麦和黑麦属于同一组。本属的禾本科植物适应了不同的气候和生境，使其成为谷物和饲料育种的宝贵遗传资源，也是进化，分类和物种形成研究的优秀群体。所有小麦草都由至少两组不同的染色体组成，大多数物种具有StY和StH染色体组合。约有50个物种具有StH组合。St基因组来自Pseudoroegneria属的祖先物种，H基因组来自野生大麦。关于这一群体的一个争论是，不同的StH物种是否是由一对亲本，一个假鹅观草属物种和一个野生大麦之间的古老杂交产生的，然后分化成许多物种（单一起源），或者不同的StH物种是由不同的亲本在不同的时间和地点之间的杂交产生的（多个起源）。我们将测试是否圣和H的基因组在埃克塞特是多个起源。据推测，异源多倍体StY物种可能起源于同源多倍体（StStStSt），并且在多倍体物种内逐渐分化出相同的基因组，从而导致今天的StY基因组异源四倍体Escherichus。我们的rpb2数据不支持StY物种中St和Y基因组的同源性。利用其他基因对StY物种进行系统发育分析将检验StY物种是否为异源多倍体起源。我的研究将被设计为测试是否在StH物种的St和H单倍体是多个来源，并表征细胞遗传学不同的StH和StY物种之间的差异。最后，我将测试是否StY基因组物种是异源或同源多倍体起源，并检查Y基因组的遗传关系，在小麦族其他基因组。