Manipulations of the emotional valence of stimuli between encoding and retieval: implications for memory

编码和检索之间刺激的情感效价的操纵：对记忆的影响

• 批准号: 249833-2007
• 负责人: Radomsky, Adam
• 金额: $ 1.37万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=479363
• 关键词: Manipulations; emotional; valence; stimuli; between

There is growing evidence that, under certain conditions, both explicit and implicit memory biases occur for emotionally arousing information. That is, participants who encode some information that is emotionally arousing along with identical amounts of emotionally neutral information will later retrieve significantly more of the emotionally arousing than neutral information through a variety of explicit and implicit memory paradigms. Research on false memories has demonstrated that information provided between encoding and retrieval can influence the accuracy of retrieval, however few studies have examined whether altering the emotional valence of encoded information prior to retrieval will influence what information is retrieved. The current application proposes to address questions of how retrieval is affected when the to-be-remembered information is neutral at encoding but made to be emotionally arousing at a later point in time. Our aim is to determine whether or not a memory bias for emotionally arousing information can be detected when the information is neutral at encoding. Additional studies will investigate this concept using a variety of other methodologies involving variations in the delays between encoding, the provision of new information, and retrieval; whereas others will vary the emotional valence to determine whether or not this effect is related only to negative emotions or to stimuli associated with any provoked emotion. This work will have important implications for our understanding of how the emotional (and/or neutral) nature of information affects its subsequent retrieval and for how processes associated with this are affected by the timing of the generation of emotional arousal associated with the stimuli. If our hypotheses are supported, this could provide a mechanism through which to selectively enhance (or reduce) memory for information already learned. Additional implications of this work involve the nature of memory associated with emotional problems that develop over time or after a delay.

越来越多的证据表明，在一定条件下，对于情感唤起的信息，外显和内隐记忆偏差都会发生。也就是说，参与者将一些情绪性唤起的信息与等量的情绪性中性信息进行编码后，通过各种外显和内隐记忆范式，他们会检索到比中性信息更多的情绪性唤起信息。对错误记忆的研究表明，在编码和检索之间提供的信息会影响检索的准确性，但很少有研究调查在检索之前改变编码信息的情绪效价是否会影响检索的信息。当前的应用程序提出了一个问题，即当被记忆的信息在编码时是中性的，但在稍后的时间点被唤起情感时，检索是如何受到影响的。我们的目的是确定当信息在编码时是中性的，是否可以检测到对情绪唤起信息的记忆偏差。进一步的研究将使用各种其他方法来调查这一概念，这些方法涉及编码、提供新信息和检索之间的延迟变化；而另一些人则会改变情绪效价，以确定这种效应是否只与负面情绪有关，还是与任何被激发情绪相关的刺激有关。这项工作将对我们理解信息的情绪（和/或中性）性质如何影响其随后的检索以及与此相关的过程如何受到与刺激相关的情绪唤醒产生时间的影响具有重要意义。如果我们的假设得到支持，这可能提供一种机制，通过这种机制可以选择性地增强（或减少）对已经学习的信息的记忆。这项工作的其他含义涉及到记忆的本质与随着时间或延迟而发展的情绪问题有关。