Stress fields in complex rock masses

深部采矿开挖的稳定性取决于岩体强度和应力条件。估计岩体强度的方法相对发达，但相比之下，应力条件通常是根据整个区域的数据来估计的。尽管有文献证据表明应力会受到当地地质条件的强烈影响，但执行应力测量程序的费用和难度几乎阻碍了它们在实践中的应用。即使进行了测量，设计分析中使用的应力场也总是简化的形式。矿井中的某些地面控制问题，包括远离采矿挖掘的地震事件，不能用这种简单的方法来解释。其他难以量化的设计错误无疑是通过这种简化引入的。

Stability of mining excavations at depth depends on both rock mass strength and stress conditions. Methods of estimating rock mass strength are relatively well developed, but in contrast, stress conditions are generally estimated from data assembled for entire regions. Although there is documented evidence that stresses can be strongly influenced by local geological conditions, the expense and difficulty of carrying out stress measurement programs has all but precluded their use in practice. Even when measurements are made, stress fields used in design analysis invariably have simplified forms. Certain ground control problems in mines, including seismic events located far from mining excavations, cannot be explained using this simple approach. Other less quantifiable design errors are undoubtedly introduced using this simplification.