Fault-tolerant quantum computation in realistic physical scenarios

现实物理场景中的容错量子计算

• 批准号: 355397-2008
• 负责人: Raussendorf, Robert
• 金额: $ 3.09万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=482669
• 关键词: Fault; tolerant; quantum; computation; realistic

Quantum computation promises a much faster processing of information than is possible classically. Specifically, a drastically better scaling of computational resources such as run-time and number of elementary operations can be achieved with a quantum computer. In some cases the speed-up is exponential which e.g. enables Shor's factoring algorithm to break the RSA crypto system. However, a quantum computer as a physical device is necessarily imperfect and susceptible to noise resulting from uncontrolled interaction with its environment. If not counteracted, these decoherence effects within a short period of action jeopardize any quantum mechanical processing of information. In response, methods to counteract decoherence have been developed, leading to the theoretical viability of quantum error-correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation. The ability to perform quantum error correction is critical to building a scalable quantum computer. The devised methods now need to be brought into the realm of experimental reality.

量子计算承诺比经典计算更快地处理信息。具体来说，量子计算机可以实现计算资源（如运行时间和基本操作的数量）的更好扩展。在某些情况下，加速是指数级的，这例如使得Shor的因子分解算法能够破解RSA密码系统。然而，量子计算机作为一种物理设备必然是不完美的，并且容易受到与其环境不受控制的相互作用所产生的噪声的影响。如果不加以抵消，这些短时间内的退相干效应会危及任何量子力学信息处理。作为回应，抵消退相干的方法已经被开发出来，导致量子纠错和容错量子计算的理论可行性。执行量子纠错的能力对于构建可扩展的量子计算机至关重要。现在需要把设计出来的方法带入实验现实的领域。