The role of muscle forces in loading and stabilising the knee

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To fully understand the relationship between soft-tissue adaptations in human joints and joint loading, the mechanical state of all joint tissues for normal, everyday movement tasks must be known (Herzog et al., 2003). These everyday tasks depend on the modulation of joint stability and stiffness by our neuromuscular control system which determines muscle activation and controls limb motion. There is, however, a significant void in the literature describing the role of individual muscles in generating the forces needed to create this stability, even though it is generally accepted that muscles play the leading role in maintaining it and modulating joint stiffness to allow for human movement.