Seasonal multi-scale microwave measurements and modeling of sub-arctic snow for climatological dataset development

用于气候数据集开发的亚北极雪的季节性多尺度微波测量和建模

• 批准号: 371757-2009
• 负责人: Derksen, Christopher
• 金额: $ 1.46万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=483719
• 关键词: Seasonal; multi; scale; microwave; measurements

Snow cover persists for long periods of time over many parts of Canada, which significantly impacts regional climate, hydrology through snow melt, and ecology. In spite of this importance, measurements of snow cover, particularly across northern Canada, are limited by sparse observations. Satellite measurements can address this observational gap, but algorithms need to be developed to estimate physical parameters such as snow water equivalent (the amount of liquid water stored in solid form by a snowpack) from the satellite observations. Global climate models predict increases in winter season precipitation, and spring melt water is an important national resource, so we are faced with a scenario where information about snow cover is increasingly important, yet the conventional observation network is inadequate and existing satellite datasets are limited by high levels of uncertainty. This project seeks to develop new satellite derived snow cover datasets. The satellite data record extends back to 1978, so techniques developed with new data can be applied retrospectively to create time series over 30 years in length. Ground measurements with instruments similar to those in space will be acquired over a complete snow cover season to provide the required 'ground-truth' observations. These activities will position Canada to contribute important new measurements to support future international satellite missions designed specifically to measure snow.

加拿大许多地区的积雪持续很长一段时间，这严重影响了区域气候，通过融雪水文和生态。尽管如此重要，但对积雪的测量，特别是对加拿大北方的积雪的测量，受到稀疏观测的限制。卫星测量可以弥补这一观测空白，但需要开发算法，从卫星观测中估计雪水当量（积雪以固体形式储存的液态水数量）等物理参数。全球气候模型预测冬季降水量会增加，而春季融水是一种重要的国家资源，因此我们面临的情况是，有关积雪的信息越来越重要，但传统的观测网络不足，现有的卫星数据集受到高度不确定性的限制。该项目旨在开发新的卫星积雪数据集。卫星数据记录可以追溯到1978年，因此，利用新数据开发的技术可以追溯应用，以创建30多年的时间序列。将在一个完整的积雪季节内利用与空间仪器类似的仪器进行地面测量，以提供所需的“地面实况”观测。这些活动将使加拿大有能力为支持今后专门用于测量积雪的国际卫星飞行任务提供新的重要测量数据。