Replacement processor for EdgeTech sub-bottom echosounder

EdgeTech 海底回声测深仪的替换处理器

• 批准号: 422187-2012
• 负责人: Eyles, Nick
• 金额: $ 1.55万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments - Category 1 (<$150,000)
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=495737
• 关键词: Replacement; processor; EdgeTech; sub; bottom

This proposal seeks funding to upgrade an existing heavily used EdgeTech echosounder that is now obsolete. Echo sounders are an important geophysical tool in lake studies. By using sound waves transmitted through the water column they provide high resolution sub bottom profiles of the stratigraphy, thickness and geometry of sediments below lake (or sea) floors which contain records of environmental change. Such sediments also may contain structural disturbances that record ancient earthquakes. Most earthquakes occur at the margins of large tectonic plates. One of the most active areas in Canada straddles the Ontario-Quebec border; the Western Quebec Seismic Zone and includes Montreal and Ottawa extending south to New York. Recent work investigating the floor of lakes Timiskaming and Kipawa along the Ontario/Quebec border reveals ongoing faulting of lakefloor sediments and slumps triggered by seismic shaking such as the large (M6.2) Timiskaming Earthquake in 1935. The potential for a large damaging earthquake requires evaluation of earthquake frequency using echosounder equipment to image the floors of hundreds of lakes. Mapping the geographic distribution of disturbances from lake to lake will identify the areal extent of ground shaking and thus earthquake epicenters and magnitudes; essential data for risk management assessment. Around the Great Lakes, the sediment layers below the floors of shallow lagoons contain a rich history of watershed evolution after European settlement around 1800 and recent urbanization. Echosounding from small boats or on lake ice can constrain sedimentological history, identifies key sites for coring, detailed chemical analysis and allow assessment of impacts on biota over the last 200 years.

该提案寻求资金来升级现有的大量使用的、现已过时的EdgeTech回声测深仪。回声测深仪是湖泊研究中重要的地球物理工具。通过使用通过水柱传播的声波，他们提供了湖（或海）底下沉积物的地层、厚度和几何形状的高分辨率亚底剖面，这些剖面包含了环境变化的记录。这些沉积物也可能包含记录古代地震的结构扰动。大多数地震发生在大型构造板块的边缘。加拿大最活跃的地区之一横跨安大略省和魁北克省的边界；位于西魁北克地震带，包括蒙特利尔和渥太华，向南延伸至纽约。最近对安大略省和魁北克省交界的蒂米斯卡明湖和基帕瓦湖湖底的调查显示，1935年的6.2级蒂米斯卡明大地震等地震震动引发了湖底沉积物的持续断层和滑坡。潜在的大破坏性地震需要利用回声测深设备对数百个湖泊的地面成像来评估地震频率。绘制湖与湖之间扰动的地理分布图将确定地面震动的面积范围，从而确定地震的震中和震级；风险管理评估的基本数据。在五大湖周围，浅泻湖下面的沉积层包含了1800年左右欧洲人定居和最近城市化之后流域演变的丰富历史。小船或冰面上的回声探测可以限制沉积学的历史，确定取芯的关键地点，进行详细的化学分析，并评估过去200年来对生物群的影响。