Replacement processor for EdgeTech sub-bottom echosounder

该提案寻求资金，以升级现有的大量使用的EdgeTech回声测深仪，现在已经过时。回声测深仪是湖泊研究中重要的地球物理工具。它们利用通过水柱传播的声波，提供高分辨率的湖底（或海底）沉积物的地层、厚度和几何形状的海底下剖面图，其中载有环境变化的记录。这些沉积物也可能含有记录古代地震的结构扰动。大多数地震发生在大型构造板块的边缘。加拿大最活跃的地区之一横跨安大略省和魁北克边境;西部魁北克地震带，包括蒙特利尔和渥太华，向南延伸到纽约。最近的工作调查沿着安大略省/魁北克省边界的Timiskaming湖和Kipawa湖的湖底，揭示了湖底沉积物的持续断层和由地震震动（如1935年的大型（M6.2）Timiskaming地震）引发的滑塌。大破坏性地震的可能性需要使用回声测深仪设备对数百个湖泊的底部进行成像来评估地震频率。绘制湖与湖之间扰动的地理分布图将确定地面震动的区域范围，从而确定地震震中和震级;这是风险管理评估的基本数据。在五大湖周围，浅泻湖底部以下的沉积层包含了1800年左右欧洲人定居和最近城市化后流域演变的丰富历史。小船或湖冰上的回声探测可以限制沉积历史，确定取芯的关键地点，进行详细的化学分析，并评估过去200年对生物区系的影响。

This proposal seeks funding to upgrade an existing heavily used EdgeTech echosounder that is now obsolete. Echo sounders are an important geophysical tool in lake studies. By using sound waves transmitted through the water column they provide high resolution sub bottom profiles of the stratigraphy, thickness and geometry of sediments below lake (or sea) floors which contain records of environmental change. Such sediments also may contain structural disturbances that record ancient earthquakes. Most earthquakes occur at the margins of large tectonic plates. One of the most active areas in Canada straddles the Ontario-Quebec border; the Western Quebec Seismic Zone and includes Montreal and Ottawa extending south to New York. Recent work investigating the floor of lakes Timiskaming and Kipawa along the Ontario/Quebec border reveals ongoing faulting of lakefloor sediments and slumps triggered by seismic shaking such as the large (M6.2) Timiskaming Earthquake in 1935. The potential for a large damaging earthquake requires evaluation of earthquake frequency using echosounder equipment to image the floors of hundreds of lakes. Mapping the geographic distribution of disturbances from lake to lake will identify the areal extent of ground shaking and thus earthquake epicenters and magnitudes; essential data for risk management assessment. Around the Great Lakes, the sediment layers below the floors of shallow lagoons contain a rich history of watershed evolution after European settlement around 1800 and recent urbanization. Echosounding from small boats or on lake ice can constrain sedimentological history, identifies key sites for coring, detailed chemical analysis and allow assessment of impacts on biota over the last 200 years.