Desulphurization and denitrification of gas and liquid streams with concomitant generation of energy in microbial fuel cells

微生物燃料电池中气体和液体流的脱硫和脱硝并同时产生能量

• 批准号: 261376-2008
• 负责人: Nemati, Mehdi
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=496770
• 关键词: Desulphurization; denitrification; gas; liquid; streams

H2S is a highly toxic and corrosive gas present in the natural gas and biogas. Sulphide is also an undesirable component of many wastewaters. Removal of H2S is essential due to its harmful characteristics and for preventing emission of SO2 upon combustion of fuels. Biotreatment of sulphide-laden streams is attractive due to economic advantages, feasibility for treatment of small streams and high efficiency. We have been investigating the potential of Thiomicrospira CVO, a novel sulphide oxidizer isolated from a Canadian oil field, for the removal of sulphide from the liquid streams. CVO is an autotroph which uses sulphide as an electron donor, nitrate as an electron acceptor and CO2 as the sole carbon source. Physiological characteristics of CVO make it suitable for simultaneous removal of sulphide and nitrate from contaminated streams. The first objective of the current proposal is to expand our ongoing research and utilize CVO for the removal of H2S from gaseous streams and generate fundamental knowledge which is crucial for the design and operation of a large scale process. Generation of electricity in microbial fuel cells as a form of renewable energy is gaining momentum. This technology enables direct capture of energy contained in biodegradable compounds, specially in wastewaters, in the form of electricity. To date microbial fuel cells have been used mainly for the treatment of organic wastewaters and only a few studies have dealt with sulphide-containing streams. Moreover, the possibility of simultaneous desulphurization and denitrification in a microbial fuel cell has not been evaluated. The second objective of the current proposal is to study the processes of desulphurization and denitrification in a microbial fuel cell. The basic information generated in our research would significantly increase our understanding of the processes of biodesulphurization and denitrification and the extent of energy which can be extracted from these processes. It will provide us with fundamental information required for the development of an innovative biotechnology for treatment of H2S and nitrate with the possibility of capturing CO2 and electricity generation in fuel cell type bioreactors, the long term objective of our research.

硫化氢是一种剧毒、腐蚀性强的气体，存在于天然气和沼气中。硫化物也是许多废水中不受欢迎的成分。由于硫化氢的有害特性和防止燃料燃烧时二氧化硫的排放，脱除硫化氢是必不可少的。含硫化物河流的生物处理因其经济优势、处理小河流的可行性和高效性而备受关注。我们一直在研究从加拿大油田分离出的一种新型硫化物氧化剂Thiommicrospira CVO从液体中去除硫化物的潜力。CVO是一种自养微生物，以硫化物为电子供体，硝酸盐为电子受体，二氧化碳为唯一碳源。CVO的生理特性使其适合于同时去除受污染溪流中的硫化物和硝酸盐。当前提议的第一个目标是扩大我们正在进行的研究，并利用CVO从气态蒸气中脱除硫化氢，并产生对大规模工艺的设计和操作至关重要的基础知识。微生物燃料电池发电作为可再生能源的一种形式，正在获得发展势头。这项技术能够以电力的形式直接捕获生物可降解化合物中所含的能量，特别是废水中的能量。到目前为止，微生物燃料电池主要用于有机废水的处理，只有少数研究涉及含硫化物的蒸气。此外，在微生物燃料电池中同时进行脱硫和脱氮的可能性还没有得到评估。目前提议的第二个目标是研究微生物燃料电池中的脱硫和脱氮过程。我们研究中产生的基本信息将大大增加我们对生物脱硫和反硝化过程的了解，以及从这些过程中可以提取的能量的程度。它将为我们提供开发处理硫化氢和硝酸盐的创新生物技术所需的基本信息，并有可能在燃料电池型生物反应器中捕获二氧化碳和发电，这是我们研究的长期目标。