The functional neuroanatomy of emotional representation, integration, and control

情绪表征、整合和控制的功能神经解剖学

• 批准号: 356062-2008
• 负责人: Mitchell, Derek
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=497114
• 关键词: functional; neuroanatomy; emotional; representation; integration

Emotional information gains rapid and often preferential access to our brain's processing resources. This "emotional attention" enables us to quickly detect and respond to dangerous or pleasant aspects of our environment. However, dwelling on emotional information can be disruptive or even dangerous. Some situations require calm precision even while we are being bombarded with emotionally salient cues (e.g., emergency response or trauma surgery). Fortunately, the human brain has also evolved systems that help reprioritize information processing, minimize distraction, and bias our attention towards the most behaviourally relevant information. My research aims to determine how the human brain performs this mental balancing act. Although aspects of attention have been well-researched, we have only begun to investigate how the brain prioritizes and controls the effects of competing emotional information on behaviour. In humans, this work has focussed on competition between different visual cues. There is still much to be learned in the visual domain, and we know even less about these processes in the auditory system. Recent findings suggest that a degree of specialization exists in the brain for processing distinct classes of emotional information (e.g., positive versus disgusting stimuli). Yet we know little about how conflicting classes of emotional information are prioritized or represented in the human brain within and between sensory systems. My research uses behavioural and brain imaging techniques to measure the impact of emotionally salient information on brain activity and behaviour. These techniques are used with healthy individuals and people with acquired brain lesions following surgical procedures or injuries. These methods provide fundamental knowledge about the brain regions involved in and necessary for representing and controlling emotional information. Because this research examines the conditions under which competing streams of relevant and irrelevant emotional information capture our attention and influence our judgement, it will have applications for the selection and training of surgeons, emergency response personnel, air-traffic controllers, pilots, and defence personnel.

情绪信息可以迅速、而且往往优先地获得我们大脑的处理资源。这种“情感关注”使我们能够迅速发现环境中危险或令人愉快的方面并做出反应。然而，沉溺于情感信息可能会造成破坏，甚至是危险的。有些情况需要冷静的精确度，甚至当我们被情绪上突出的线索轰炸时(例如，紧急反应或创伤手术)。幸运的是，人类大脑也进化了一些系统，帮助重新排列信息处理的优先顺序，最大限度地减少分心，并将我们的注意力偏向与行为最相关的信息。我的研究旨在确定人脑如何执行这一心理平衡行为。虽然注意力的各个方面已经得到了很好的研究，但我们才刚刚开始研究大脑如何优先考虑和控制相互竞争的情绪信息对行为的影响。在人类身上，这项研究的重点是不同视觉线索之间的竞争。在视觉领域仍有很多东西需要学习，而我们对听觉系统中的这些过程所知更少。最近的发现表明，大脑中存在一定程度的专门化，用于处理不同类别的情绪信息(例如，积极的刺激与令人厌恶的刺激)。然而，我们对人类大脑中相互冲突的情绪信息在感觉系统内和之间是如何区分优先顺序或如何表现的知之甚少。我的研究使用行为和大脑成像技术来衡量情绪显著信息对大脑活动和行为的影响。这些技术适用于健康人和外科手术或受伤后获得性脑损伤的人。这些方法提供了有关大脑区域的基本知识，这些区域涉及和控制情绪信息，并为其提供必要的信息。由于这项研究考察了相关和无关的情绪信息相互竞争的流在什么情况下吸引我们的注意力并影响我们的判断，它将应用于外科医生、紧急响应人员、空中交通管制员、飞行员和国防人员的选择和培训。