Integrated Biorefinery for Conversion of Crop Residues into Bio-based Polymers

拟议研究计划的长期目标是开发一种综合生物精炼厂，用于生物基聚合物材料作物残留物的增值。该项目的短期目标是：(1)开发一种高效且具有成本效益的分离工艺，用于从作物秸秆中生产高纯度纤维素和木质素，(2)生产用于涂料/塑料/防晒霜的木质素基紫外线吸收剂，以及用于土壤保水性的吸水聚合物，(3)开发用于一锅将纤维素转化为果糖的新酶/菌株，(4)将葡萄糖/果糖转化为2,5-呋喃二羧酸（FDCA），生产聚呋喃酸酯（PEF）作为包装材料中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）的绿色替代品，以及(5)证明拟议的综合生物精炼厂在工业规模（50-100吨/天）上从作物残留物生产生物基聚合物的技术经济可行性。******加拿大是世界上最大的农业生产国和出口国之一。根据加拿大统计局的数据，2011年主要谷物和油籽（小麦、油菜籽、玉米、大麦、大豆和燕麦）的产量超过6500万吨。如果以每吨粮食生产1.5吨作物残留物为基础估计，加拿大农业部门每年产生约1亿吨作物残留物。农作物残茬通常用于牲畜的青贮，堆肥后的肥料，或用于加热或发电的固体燃料。该DG提案的目标是综合生物精炼方法，以更高价值利用作物残留物的两种主要成分，即纤维素和木质素，用于生产生物基聚合物（即木质素基紫外线吸收，吸水聚合物和用于包装材料的纤维素衍生PEF）。世界合成聚合物（PE， PP， PVC， PS， PET等）的产量是巨大的，主要来自石油，达到约。每年4亿吨，市值超过4000亿美元。为了减少合成聚合物生产的碳足迹，迫切需要开发生物基聚合物。因此，利用作物残留物生产高价值生物聚合物将加强加拿大在生物经济方面的领先地位，减少对化石资源的依赖（从而减少温室气体排放），并为加拿大农业部门创造新的利润流和就业机会。******本项目拟培养16名HQP，其中博士生3名，MESc学生2名，孟学生8名，博士后1名，BESc本科生实习生2名。HQP将获得生物炼制和生物产品开发所需的专业知识和技能，例如，木质纤维素生物质分馏，木质素的化学改性，生物基聚合物的表征/应用，纤维素的生物转化，碳水化合物的催化转化，化学反应器设计，技术经济分析和过程的扩大。**

The long-term goal of the proposed research program is to develop an integrated biorefinery for valorization of crop residues for bio-based polymer materials. The short-term objectives of this program are to (1) develop an efficient and cost-effective fractionation process for production of high purity cellulose and lignin from crop residues, (2) produce lignin-based UV-absorbers for coatings/plastics/sunscreens applications, and water absorbing polymers for soil water retention application, (3) develop new enzymes/bacterial strains for one-pot conversion of cellulose to fructose, (4) convert glucose/fructose into 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), and produce polyethylene furanoate (PEF) as a green replacement for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for packaging materials, and (5) demonstrate techno-economic feasibility of the proposed integrated biorefinery for production of the bio-based polymers from crop residues at industrial scale (50-100 tonnes/day). ******Canada is one of the largest agricultural producers and exporters in the world. According to Statistics Canada, over 65 million tonnes of major grains and oilseeds (wheat, canola seeds, corn, barley, soybeans and oats) were produced in 2011. If estimated based 1.5 tonne crop residue per tonne of grain production, the agriculture sector of Canada generates about 100 Mt crop residues annually. Crop residues are conventionally utilized for silage for livestock, fertilizer after composting, or solid fuel for heat or electricity generation. This DG proposal targets at an integrated biorefining approach to higher value utilization of two major components of crop residues, i.e., cellulose and lignin, for the production of bio-based polymers (i.e., lignin-based UV-absorbing, water-absorbing polymers, and cellulose-derived PEF for packaging materials). The world production of synthetic polymers (PE, PP, PVC, PS, PET, etc.) is immense, mainly from petroleum, reaching approx. 400 million tonnes per year with over $400 billion marker value. There is a pressing need for developing bio-based polymers in order to reduce the carbon footprints of the synthetic polymer production. Utilization of crop residues for high-value bio-polymers would thus strengthen Canada's leading position in bioeconomy, reduce its dependency on fossil resources (hence greenhouse gas emission), and create new profit streams and jobs for Canadian agriculture sector. ******This proposed program will contribute to training of 16 HQP, including 3 PhD students, 2 MESc and 8 MEng students, 1 postdoctoral fellow and 2 BESc undergraduate interns. The HQP will gain necessary expertise and skills for biorefinery and bioproducts development, e.g., lignocellulosic biomass fractionation, chemical modification of lignin, bio-based polymers characterization/applications, bioconversion of cellulose, catalytic conversion of carbohydrates, chemical reactors design, techno-economic analysis and scale-up of a process. **