Phenotypic plasticity of muscle

肌肉的表型可塑性

• 批准号: 7299-2010
• 负责人: Guderley, Helga
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=513276
• 关键词: Phenotypic; plasticity; muscle

Adaptability is a fundamental attribute of life. Phenotypic plasticity facilitates individual survival whereas evolutionary adaptations increase a species' survival in a given environment. Tissues that produce or undergo mechanical stress, such as skeletal muscle, show a particularly high degree of adaptability, on evolutionary and phenotypic levels. As skeletal muscle has two major roles, that of the motor for movement and that of major reserve of protein and carbohydrate, its adaptive responses must reflect both roles. The underlying premise of my research program is that functional capacities of muscle are set by the compromise between the needs of locomotion, reproduction and survival under changing environmental conditions. We study fish and scallops as their thermal equilibration with the medium, their extensive investment in reproduction, the separation of skeletal muscle fibre types and their stereotypic swimming patterns facilitate identification of fibre specific responses and of their links to locomotor capacities. Our previous research identified phospholipid changes as central in modifications of mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Our proposed research will 1) use diet to change phospholipid composition in trout and scallops to explore the functional roles of the fine structure of mitochondrial phospholipids; 2) evaluate the impact of size and diet on escape response performance and muscle metabolic capacities in scallops and 3) determine whether changes in the use and metabolic design of the adductor muscle accompany the marked shifts in shell morphology between athletic and more sedentary scallops.

适应性是生命的基本属性。表型可塑性促进了个体的生存，而进化适应性则增加了物种在特定环境中的生存。产生或承受机械应力的组织，如骨骼肌，在进化和表型水平上表现出特别高的适应性。骨骼肌具有运动的动力和蛋白质和碳水化合物的主要储备两大功能，因此其适应性反应必须反映这两种功能。我的研究计划的基本前提是，肌肉的功能能力是通过在不断变化的环境条件下运动，繁殖和生存需求之间的妥协来设定的。我们研究鱼类和扇贝，因为它们与介质的热平衡，它们在繁殖方面的广泛投资，骨骼肌纤维类型的分离以及它们的刻板游泳模式有助于识别纤维的特定反应及其与运动能力的联系。我们之前的研究发现磷脂的变化是线粒体氧化能力改变的核心。我们拟开展的研究将：1)通过饲料改变鳟鱼和扇贝的磷脂组成，探索线粒体磷脂精细结构的功能作用；2)评估大小和饮食对扇贝的逃避反应性能和肌肉代谢能力的影响；3)确定运动扇贝和不运动扇贝的外壳形态是否随内收肌的使用和代谢设计的变化而发生显著变化。