Phenotypic plasticity of muscle

适应性是生命的基本属性。 表型可塑性有利于个体的生存，而进化适应性则增加了物种在特定环境中的生存。 产生或承受机械应力的组织，如骨骼肌，在进化和表型水平上显示出特别高的适应性。 由于骨骼肌有两个主要作用，即运动的运动和蛋白质和碳水化合物的主要储备，其适应性反应必须反映这两个角色。 我的研究计划的基本前提是，肌肉的功能能力是由运动，繁殖和生存在不断变化的环境条件下的需求之间的妥协。 我们研究鱼类和扇贝作为他们的热平衡与介质，他们在繁殖，骨骼肌纤维类型的分离和他们的刻板的游泳模式的广泛投资，促进识别纤维的具体反应和他们的联系运动能力。我们以前的研究确定磷脂的变化是线粒体氧化能力改变的中心。 本研究拟以饲料改变鳟鱼与扇贝的磷脂组成，探讨线粒体磷脂微细结构的功能; 2）评估大小和饮食对扇贝逃避反应性能和肌肉代谢能力的影响，以及3）确定内收肌的使用和代谢设计的变化是否伴随着运动和运动之间壳形态的显著变化，更多久坐的扇贝。

Adaptability is a fundamental attribute of life. Phenotypic plasticity facilitates individual survival whereas evolutionary adaptations increase a species' survival in a given environment. Tissues that produce or undergo mechanical stress, such as skeletal muscle, show a particularly high degree of adaptability, on evolutionary and phenotypic levels. As skeletal muscle has two major roles, that of the motor for movement and that of major reserve of protein and carbohydrate, its adaptive responses must reflect both roles. The underlying premise of my research program is that functional capacities of muscle are set by the compromise between the needs of locomotion, reproduction and survival under changing environmental conditions. We study fish and scallops as their thermal equilibration with the medium, their extensive investment in reproduction, the separation of skeletal muscle fibre types and their stereotypic swimming patterns facilitate identification of fibre specific responses and of their links to locomotor capacities. Our previous research identified phospholipid changes as central in modifications of mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Our proposed research will 1) use diet to change phospholipid composition in trout and scallops to explore the functional roles of the fine structure of mitochondrial phospholipids; 2) evaluate the impact of size and diet on escape response performance and muscle metabolic capacities in scallops and 3) determine whether changes in the use and metabolic design of the adductor muscle accompany the marked shifts in shell morphology between athletic and more sedentary scallops.