Trust and Teamwork - A Risk Management Approach

根据医学研究所的一份出版物，医疗保健中的人为错误是美国十大主要死亡原因之一，不幸的是，加拿大的统计数据也是类似的。病人安全是加拿大政府和加拿大医疗机构的主要关切。加拿大患者安全研究所进行的研究清楚地表明了这一重要性，并在出版物中提供了这项研究。从目前的文献中可以注意到，缺乏关于信任和团队合作对患者安全的影响的研究。信任和不信任与患者的安全密切相关，因为它们都会影响团队协作中的信息流和任务的执行。由于患者非常容易受到照顾者行为的影响，由于信任问题而导致的不当表现可能会严重影响患者的安全。 通过整合风险管理、信任研究和认知工程领域的知识，本研究将为协作环境中的信任评估和管理提供一个全面的工具。该工具将允许团队调整信任级别，以实现更好的交互，从而提高患者和护理人员的安全性。每个开发的工具都将通过合作医院的现场观察和模拟进行测试和评估。通过这项研究，医疗机构的协作互动将得到改善；拯救目前因对协作的不适当信任而失去的生命。 一个信任的生态认知模型将允许未来的人因研究人员将信任评估融入他们的设计和研究工作中，为改善团队合作和合作提供一个很好的工具。从这些模型中，将有可能开发下一代风险管理工具和与风险相关的信息系统，使用信任作为感知风险水平的衡量标准。

According to a publication of the Institute of Medicine, human error in Healthcare is among the ten leading causes of death in the United States, and unfortunately, Canadian statistics are similar. Patient safety is a major concern for the Government of Canada and for Canadian Healthcare Institutions. This importance is clearly demonstrated through the research conducted by the Canadian Patient Safety Institute and made available in publications. It is possible to notice from the current literature, a lack of research on the effects of trust and teamwork on patient safety. Trust and distrust are closely related to patient safety since they can both affect the information flow and the performance of a task in team collaborations. Since patients are very vulnerable to the actions of their caregivers, improper performance due to trust issues can deeply affect patient safety. Through the integration of knowledge from the fields of risk management, trust research, and cognitive engineering, this research will deliver a comprehensive tool for the assessment and management of trust in collaborative environments. This tool will allow teams to adjust trust levels to reach better interactions, with increased safety to patients and caregivers. Each one of the developed tools will be tested and evaluated by in-situ observations and simulations in partner hospitals. Through this research, collaborative interactions will be improved in healthcare institutions; saving lives that are currently lost due to improper levels of trust on the collaboration. An ecological cognitive model for trust will allow future human factors researchers to incorporate trust assessments in their designs and their research works, providing an excellent tool for the improvement of teamwork and collaboration. From these models, it will be possible to develop the next generation of risk management tools and risk-relevant information systems, using trust as a measurement of the perceived risk levels.