Global change effects on species distribution: space matters

全球变化对物种分布的影响：空间很重要

• 批准号: 203800-2009
• 负责人: Fortin, MarieJosee
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=523536
• 关键词: Global; change; effects; species; distribution

Species at all ecological level of organizations (individual, population, community) are affected by landscape spatial heterogeneity. In turn, such spatial heterogeneity is modified by the synergistic interactions among natural disturbances and global change (climate and landuse change). Examination of species spatial distributions and their dynamics through time can help to better understand the resulting effects of the combined ecological and environmental pressures that they are faced with. To disentangle the relative importance of these multiple pressures at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales, my long-term research objective is to develop spatial and spatio-temporal analytical methods to investigate the synergistic effects of natural disturbances and global change on species spatial distributions and persistence at multiple spatial scales and organizational levels. To this end, over the next five years my research group will investigate how species traits and species-level processes (individual movement, population dispersal, inter-specific interactions, predator-prey dynamics and community shifts) are affected by multiple disturbances. I will be focusing on a series of research projects that can be grouped into the following research objectives: (1) quantify the spatial dynamic of species distributions and assemblages; (2) investigate species spatial responses to landscape spatial heterogeneity as modified by disturbances and global change at the home range and geographical range levels; (3) modify undirected spatial graph algorithms designed for terrestrial landscapes in order to quantify (i) temporal connectivity, (ii) stream network (riverscape) directionally, (iii) predator-prey spatial interactions, and (iv) to compare and test for significant differences among spatial graphs based on landscape and genetic connectivity; and (4) integrate these new spatial and temporal graph algorithms to use them to select reserve networks that can functionally persist through time given forecasted global changes. These research projects will set the foundation of several future research avenues and analytical developments that will determine how space matters to the maintenance of biodiversity as well as species interactions through time.

景观空间异质性对各生态层次组织（个体、种群、群落）的物种均有影响。反过来，这种空间异质性被自然干扰和全球变化（气候和土地利用变化）之间的协同相互作用所修正。研究物种的空间分布及其随时间的动态变化有助于更好地理解它们所面临的生态和环境压力的综合影响。为了在适当的时空尺度上理清这些多重压力的相对重要性，我的长期研究目标是发展空间和时空分析方法，以研究自然干扰和全球变化在多个空间尺度和组织水平上对物种空间分布和持久性的协同效应。为此，在接下来的五年里，我的研究小组将研究物种特征和物种水平过程（个体运动，种群分散，种间相互作用，捕食者-猎物动态和群落变化）如何受到多种干扰的影响。我将专注于一系列的研究项目，可分为以下几个研究目标：(1)量化物种分布和组合的空间动态；(2)在生境和地理范围水平上研究受干扰和全球变化影响的物种对景观空间异质性的空间响应；(3)修改为陆地景观设计的无向空间图算法，以量化(i)时间连通性，（ii）河流网络（河流景观）方向，（iii）捕食者-猎物空间相互作用，以及（iv）基于景观和遗传连通性的空间图之间的显著差异进行比较和测试；(4)结合这些新的时空图算法，利用它们来选择能够在预测的全球变化中持续存在的储备网络。这些研究项目将为未来若干研究途径和分析发展奠定基础，这些研究和发展将确定空间对维持生物多样性以及物种相互作用的重要性。