Spatio-Temporal Connectivity of Species, Communities and Ecosystems

物种、群落和生态系统的时空连通性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05134
• 负责人: Fortin, MarieJosee
• 金额: $ 3.06万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631619
• 关键词: Spatio; Temporal; Connectivity; Species; Communities

Over the next five years, my research group (undergraduate students, PhDs and Post-docs) will investigate how individual-level processes (organism movement in fragmented landscapes), species-level processes (natal dispersal, meta-population dynamics), community-level processes (inter-specific interactions, predator-prey trophic dynamics and community shifts, meta-community dynamics), and ecosystem-level processes (ecosystem services, interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, meta-ecosystems) are affected by direct and indirect global change. A spatial ecology framework will be used to tackle these investigations. Specifically, my research team will focus on ecological networks and will develop spatio-temporal methods that can be regrouped into two overarching research themes: (i) Conceptual and analytical developments [projects 1, 2, 3] and (ii) Application and validation studies in meta-population [project 4], meta-community [project 5] and meta-ecosystem spatial analysis [project 6]. In particular, these research projects aim to: (1) develop a meta-modelling framework to integrate the key processes from one spatial scale to another in spatially-explicit forest response to climate and land use changes in temperate and boreal forests; (2) develop spatio-temporal and directional connectivity measures to model stream network (riverscape) functions on fish movement in light of warmer stream temperatures that will act as barriers to fish movement within streams; (3) develop a significance test to determine thresholds at which topological network structures can mitigate landscape spatial dynamics; (4) test how spatio-temporal connectivity varies in a dynamic and warming environment using a microcosm experiment; (5) quantify range shifts of odonates along a climatic gradient and range of landscape spatial heterogeneity; and (6) combine spatially explicit disturbance models at the landscape level with an individual based model of bird movement to determine the spatio-temporal connectivity thresholds needed to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services. These research projects will set the foundation for several future research avenues and analytical developments. They will help to determine in which ways space matters to maintain species and how to restore ecosystems services in a changing world.

在接下来的五年里，我的研究小组（本科生，博士和博士后）将研究个体水平的过程（碎片化景观中的生物运动），物种水平的过程（出生扩散，元种群动态），社区水平的过程（种间相互作用，捕食者-猎物营养动力学和群落变化，元群落动态），以及生态系统水平的过程（生态系统服务，陆地和水生生态系统之间的界面），元生态系统)受到直接和间接全球变化的影响。空间生态学框架将用于处理这些调查。具体而言，我的研究团队将专注于生态网络，并将开发时空方法，这些方法可以重新组合为两个总体研究主题：(i)概念和分析发展[项目1,2,3];（ii）元种群[项目4]、元群落[项目5]和元生态系统空间分析[项目6]中的应用和验证研究。具体而言，这些研究项目旨在：(1)建立一个元模型框架，将温带和寒带森林对气候和土地利用变化的空间明确响应的关键过程从一个空间尺度整合到另一个空间尺度；(2)发展时空和定向连通性措施，模拟河流网络（河景）对鱼类运动的作用，考虑到河流温度升高将成为鱼类在河流内运动的障碍；(3)建立显著性检验，确定拓扑网络结构对景观空间动态影响的阈值；(4)通过微观实验验证动态变暖环境下时空连通性的变化规律；(5)定量分析了气候梯度和景观空间异质性的变化范围；(6)结合景观层面的空间显式干扰模型和基于个体的鸟类运动模型，确定维持生物多样性和生态系统服务所需的时空连通性阈值。这些研究项目将为未来的研究途径和分析发展奠定基础。它们将有助于确定空间以何种方式对维持物种至关重要，以及如何在不断变化的世界中恢复生态系统服务。