Stochastic Computational Electromagnetics: Fundamental Aspects and Advanced Applications

计算电磁学的研究一直致力于模拟任意复杂但定义明确的结构。然而，几个尖端研究领域，特别是等离子激元和纳米技术，使用的设备越来越容易受到制造工艺变异性的影响。此外，虽然电磁模拟器现在能够模拟大规模的无线传播问题，但它们仍然受到室内和城市环境固有的统计变异性的限制。总体而言，有效纳入统计不确定性的强大电磁模拟工具的开发必然会对重大研究挑战的技术进步速度产生深远影响，例如设计低成本但高效的太阳能电池，开发用于癌症检测和治疗的生物医学仪器，以及无线服务规划。

Research on computational electromagnetics has been dedicated to the simulation of arbitrarily complex yet well-defined structures. However, several cutting-edge research areas, notably plasmonics and nanotechnology, employ devices that are increasingly subject to fabrication process variability. Moreover, while electromagnetic simulators are now able to model large-scale wireless propagation problems, they are still limited by the inherent statistical variability of indoor and urban environments. In general, the development of powerful electromagnetic simulation tools that effectively incorporate statistical uncertainty is bound to have a far-reaching impact on the pace of technology advancement with respect to grand research challenges such as the design of low-cost yet efficient solar cells, the development of biomedical instrumentation for cancer detection and treatment, and wireless service planning.