Alternative splicing in polyploids and hybrids

多倍体和杂种中的选择性剪接

基本信息

批准号：
298228-2009
负责人：
Adams, Keith
金额：
$ 6.41万
依托单位：
University of British Columbia
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=525926
关键词：
Alternative splicing polyploids hybrids

项目摘要

Polyploids, organisms with an extra set of chromosomes, are common among plants and several crop plants are polyploid. Polyploidy can lead to novel morphological and developmental characteristics, larger cell sizes, and new gene functions and expression patterns. The formation of polyploids often involves hybridization (crossing) between two species. The goal of this research is to understand the consequences of polyploidy and cross-species hybridization on gene expression with a focus on patterns of RNA splicing (removal of regions of the RNA during gene expression). I will assay the expression and RNA splicing of genes duplicated by polyploidy in Brassica napus, canola, including genes involved in specifying traits of agronomic importance such as seed oil synthesis and disease resistance. I will detect novel RNA splicing patterns that appear in plant hybrids during the first generation after a cross is made, using new technology to study RNA splicing patterns on a genome-wide scale in a model plant hybrid. The proposed research will provide the first insights into differences in RNA splicing patterns between duplicated genes in polyploid plants, and the first information on the prevalence of novel RNA splicing patterns that occur in hybrid plants and the types of genes that are affected. This research on RNA splicing in polyploids and hybrids is likely to have an impact on the fields of plant molecular biology, plant genomics, and molecular evolution. Some duplicate genes play a role in specifying traits of agronomic significance in plants, and some RNA splicing patterns in duplicated genes may be involved in conferring traits selected for during plant breeding. In particular, polyploid canola is important to Canada's economy and food supply and what is learned from studying RNA splicing in canola may lead to improvement of this crop plant. Understanding how RNA splicing patterns can change gene expression and function may lead to using RNA splicing as a tool for biotechnology applications to design crops with altered expression of genes of interest to create or improve desired characteristics.

多倍体，具有额外染色体的生物，在植物中很常见，几种作物植物是多倍体。多倍体可以导致新颖的形态和发育特征，较大的细胞大小以及新的基因功能和表达模式。多倍体的形成通常涉及两个物种之间的杂交（交叉）。这项研究的目的是了解多倍体和跨物种杂交对基因表达的后果，重点是RNA剪接模式（在基因表达过程中去除RNA区域）。我将分析多倍体在类芥菜中复制的基因的表达和RNA剪接，包括涉及指定农艺重要性特征的基因，例如种子油合成和抗病性。我将检测出新技术在建立十字架后出现在植物杂种中的新型RNA剪接模式，并使用新技术在模型植物杂种中以全基因组规模研究RNA剪接模式。拟议的研究将为多倍体植物中重复基因之间的RNA剪接模式的差异提供第一个见解，以及有关混合植物中新型RNA剪接模式的患病率和受影响的基因的类型。这项对多倍体和杂种中RNA剪接的研究可能会影响植物分子生物学，植物基因组学和分子进化的领域。某些重复的基因在指定植物中具有农艺意义的特征方面起作用，而重复基因中的某些RNA剪接模式可能参与了在植物育种期间为选择的特征。尤其是，多倍体油菜籽对加拿大的经济和粮食供应很重要，从研究菜籽的RNA剪接中学到的东西可能会改善这种作物植物。了解RNA剪接模式如何改变基因表达和功能可能会导致使用RNA剪接作为生物技术应用的工具，以设计具有感兴趣基因表达的作物，以创建或改善所需的特征。