Alternative splicing in polyploids and hybrids

多倍体和杂种中的选择性剪接

• 批准号: 298228-2009
• 负责人: Adams, Keith
• 金额: $ 6.41万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=525926
• 关键词: Alternative; splicing; polyploids; hybrids

Polyploids, organisms with an extra set of chromosomes, are common among plants and several crop plants are polyploid. Polyploidy can lead to novel morphological and developmental characteristics, larger cell sizes, and new gene functions and expression patterns. The formation of polyploids often involves hybridization (crossing) between two species. The goal of this research is to understand the consequences of polyploidy and cross-species hybridization on gene expression with a focus on patterns of RNA splicing (removal of regions of the RNA during gene expression). I will assay the expression and RNA splicing of genes duplicated by polyploidy in Brassica napus, canola, including genes involved in specifying traits of agronomic importance such as seed oil synthesis and disease resistance. I will detect novel RNA splicing patterns that appear in plant hybrids during the first generation after a cross is made, using new technology to study RNA splicing patterns on a genome-wide scale in a model plant hybrid. The proposed research will provide the first insights into differences in RNA splicing patterns between duplicated genes in polyploid plants, and the first information on the prevalence of novel RNA splicing patterns that occur in hybrid plants and the types of genes that are affected. This research on RNA splicing in polyploids and hybrids is likely to have an impact on the fields of plant molecular biology, plant genomics, and molecular evolution. Some duplicate genes play a role in specifying traits of agronomic significance in plants, and some RNA splicing patterns in duplicated genes may be involved in conferring traits selected for during plant breeding. In particular, polyploid canola is important to Canada's economy and food supply and what is learned from studying RNA splicing in canola may lead to improvement of this crop plant. Understanding how RNA splicing patterns can change gene expression and function may lead to using RNA splicing as a tool for biotechnology applications to design crops with altered expression of genes of interest to create or improve desired characteristics.

多倍体是具有一组额外染色体的生物体，在植物中很常见，并且一些农作物是多倍体。 多倍体可以产生新的形态和发育特征、更大的细胞尺寸以及新的基因功能和表达模式。 多倍体的形成通常涉及两个物种之间的杂交（杂交）。本研究的目的是了解多倍体和跨物种杂交对基因表达的影响，重点关注 RNA 剪接模式（在基因表达过程中去除 RNA 区域）。 我将检测甘蓝型油菜、油菜中多倍体复制的基因的表达和 RNA 剪接，包括涉及农艺重要性性状（例如种子油合成和抗病性）的基因。 我将检测杂交后第一代植物中出现的新的 RNA 剪接模式，使用新技术在模型杂种植物中在全基因组范围内研究 RNA 剪接模式。 拟议的研究将首次深入了解多倍体植物中重复基因之间 RNA 剪接模式的差异，并首次提供有关杂交植物中出现的新型 RNA 剪接模式的流行程度以及受影响的基因类型的信息。 这项关于多倍体和杂交体中 RNA 剪接的研究可能会对植物分子生物学、植物基因组学和分子进化领域产生影响。 一些重复基因在指定植物中具有农艺意义的性状方面发挥作用，并且重复基因中的一些RNA剪接模式可能涉及赋予植物育种过程中选择的性状。特别是，多倍体双低油菜籽对加拿大的经济和粮食供应非常重要，从双低油菜籽 RNA 剪接研究中获得的知识可能会导致这种作物的改良。 了解 RNA 剪接模式如何改变基因表达和功能可能会导致使用 RNA 剪接作为生物技术应用的工具来设计改变感兴趣基因表达的作物，以创造或改善所需的特性。