Alternative Splicing and Long Non-coding RNAs in Polyploids

多倍体中的选择性剪接和长非编码 RNA

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04603
• 负责人: Adams, Keith
• 金额: $ 5.17万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=587907
• 关键词: Alternative; Splicing; Long; Non; coding

Polyploids, organisms with an extra set of chromosomes, are common among plants and several crop plants are polyploid. Polyploidy can lead to novel morphological and developmental characteristics, larger cell sizes, and new gene functions and expression patterns. The formation of polyploids often involves hybridization (crossing) between two species followed by chromosome doubling. The goal of this research is to understand the consequences of polyploidy on gene expression with a focus on patterns of RNA splicing (alternative splicing) and long noncoding RNAs (genes whose products act as RNAs instead of as proteins). Expression and RNA splicing patterns of genes in Brassica napus (canola) polyploids will be compared with their diploid parents in response to stress conditions. Stress treatments will be done with heat, cold, and drought. RNA expression and splicing patterns will be examined on a genome-wide scale with high-throughput sequencing and computational analyses. Long noncoding RNA genes will be identified in Brassica species. Then their expression patterns will be assayed with high throughput sequencing in Brassica napus polyploids and their diploid parents to show how expression of this class of genes changes upon polyploidy. Duplicated long noncoding RNA genes, and their gene family histories, will be characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica species, and the features will be compared with protein coding genes. The proposed research will provide the first insights into differences in RNA splicing patterns between duplicated genes in polyploid plants in response to stress conditions on a genome-wide scale. Also it will provide the first information about long noncoding RNA expression in polyploids. This research is likely to have a considerable impact on the fields of plant genomics, plant molecular biology, and molecular evolution. Some duplicate genes play a role in specifying traits of agronomic importance in plants. Some RNA splicing patterns in duplicated genes, as well as gene regulation by long noncoding RNAs, may be involved in conferring traits selected for during plant breeding. In particular, polyploid canola (Brassica napus) is important to Canada's economy and food supply and what is learned from studying RNA splicing and long noncoding RNAs in canola may lead to improvement of this crop plant. Understanding how RNA splicing patterns can change gene expression and function, as well as how long noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression, may lead to using RNA splicing and noncoding RNAs as tools for biotechnology applications to design crops with altered expression of genes of interest to create or improve desired characteristics.

多倍体，即具有额外一组染色体的生物体，在植物中很常见，并且一些作物植物是多倍体。多倍体可以导致新的形态和发育特征，更大的细胞大小，以及新的基因功能和表达模式。多倍体的形成通常涉及两个物种之间的杂交（杂交），随后是染色体加倍。 这项研究的目的是了解多倍体对基因表达的影响，重点是RNA剪接（选择性剪接）和长非编码RNA（其产物作为RNA而不是蛋白质的基因）的模式。 将甘蓝型油菜（油菜）多倍体中基因的表达和RNA剪接模式与其二倍体亲本在胁迫条件下的反应进行比较。 压力处理将通过热、冷和干旱来完成。 RNA表达和剪接模式将在全基因组范围内进行高通量测序和计算分析。 将在芸苔属物种中鉴定长非编码RNA基因。 然后，将通过高通量测序在甘蓝型油菜多倍体及其二倍体亲本中测定它们的表达模式，以显示这类基因的表达如何在多倍体中变化。 重复的长非编码RNA基因，和他们的基因家族历史，将在拟南芥和芸苔属物种的特点，并将与蛋白质编码基因的功能进行比较。 这项研究将首次深入了解多倍体植物中重复基因在全基因组范围内应对胁迫条件时RNA剪接模式的差异。 同时也将首次提供多倍体植物中长链非编码RNA表达的信息。 这项研究可能对植物基因组学、植物分子生物学和分子进化等领域产生相当大的影响。 一些重复基因在植物中指定重要的农艺性状中起作用。 重复基因中的一些RNA剪接模式，以及长非编码RNA的基因调控，可能参与赋予植物育种过程中选择的性状。特别是，多倍体油菜（甘蓝型油菜）是重要的加拿大的经济和粮食供应和什么是从研究RNA剪接和长的非编码RNA在油菜可能会导致这种作物的改进。了解RNA剪接模式如何改变基因表达和功能，以及非编码RNA调节基因表达的时间长短，可能会导致使用RNA剪接和非编码RNA作为生物技术应用的工具，以设计具有改变的目标基因表达的作物，以创造或改善所需的特性。