Motion compensation for image-guided coronary intervention

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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a routine procedure in cardiology aimed at providing revascularization of coronary vessel using a guide wire, a balloon and a stent. As of today, the success of PCI relies mostly on the experience of the cardiologist to mentally compensate for coronary motion and navigate safely inside the moving lumen, with a single radiographic view. Image registration of preoperative 3D image with 2D online X-ray imaging would be helpful for navigation guidance. However, this would provide only a static roadmap of the coronary vessels without the combined effect of cardiac and breathing motion observed during the procedure. The main goal of this research program is to propose a methodology for online cardiac and breathing motion compensation, to provide a dynamic 3D roadmap from Multi Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) during image guided procedures of coronary vessels. The scientific contributions of this research program are numerous: 1) innovative 2D/3D registration techniques in the difficult case where motion is predominant, a very challenging field of study in medical imaging, since we rely on a 2D projection to recover a 3D pose; 2) robust and personalized motion compensation scheme, based on pattern recognition; 3) novel deformable 2D/3D registration in medical imaging, which allows matching patient anatomy from a single view available during percutaneous procedure. Heart disease and stroke costs the Canadian economy more than $22.2 billion every year in physician services, hospital costs, lost wages and decreased productivity. Hence, a navigation guidance system with motion compensation is of great interest to provide additional visual cues for cardiologists. This research program investigates the improvement of PCI navigation with novel object recognition and image registration algorithms. Advanced visualization tools of medical image data are paramount to ensure safe navigation during PCI and can be effective to improve patient's treatment and to reduce operating time. The impact of this research would to perform safer PCI and hence reduce medical costs.