Uses of non-commutative geometry in quantum gravity

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The theory of general relativity encodes our understanding of the classical nature of space-time. This includes gravity, but it does not describe the fundamental quantum nature of space-time. For example, close to the Big Bang, and close to the singularity in a black hole, the theory ceases to be valid because quantum effects set in. The development of a quantum gravity theory is one of the most challenging problems faced by contemporary theoretical physics. Non-commutative geometry and loop quantum gravity are two approaches to tackle this issue. They propose promising candidates for the notion of quantum spacetime using a variety of mathematical techniques.