Validation of an enhanced heat pump Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) numerical model in a cold climate using measured field data and simulation

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Ductless multi-split heat pumps (capable of heating and cooling) represent a large part of the existing HVAC market in both the residential and ICI (industrial-commercial-institutional) sectors. A relatively recent advancement in heat pump technology, incorporating variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems represent a significant enhancement to traditional multi-split systems and are gaining more adoption in North American markets today. Several international studies have shown VRF systems can save 10- 60% of energy consumption depending on building and geographic variables, however, very few VRF studies have been found in North America. Further complicating this issue is the fact that aspects of VRF technology are typically proprietary in nature, making it difficult to accurately model using whole-building simulation software. Although some simulation engines have attempted to incorporate VRF systems in their capabilities, the absence of research verifying these models using measured field data, has slowed market adoption of VRF systems since mechanical engineers choose to rely on traditional systems rather than non-verified new technology, even if published performance is significantly enhanced. The overall goal of this project is to develop a numerical model for VRF systems that is validated by field data.