Ranging and diet in E Bornean orangutans

东婆罗洲猩猩的活动范围和饮食

• 批准号: 42384-2012
• 负责人: Russon, Anne
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=544927
• 关键词: Ranging; diet; Bornean; orangutans

This program involves long-term (5 year) study of ranging and diet in E Bornean orangutans at a new field site we opened in 2010, in Kutai National Park, E Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). E Bornean orangutans are now considered a distinct subspecies, Pongo pygmaeus morio. Morio are important to science for surviving in the worst orangutan habitat and the exceptional resilience and other unique traits that enable them to do so, and to conservation as a fragile population of an endangered species. I chose to study morio in E Kalimantan because understanding is outdated, partly due to major changes to their habitat, and to study ranging because it offers a good overview of their behavior and habitat use (e.g. where and how far they go, what they find and do there). Aims are to re-assess morio ranging traits and two main influences on them: feeding ecology, because it is characterized by major change on top of irregular swings between extreme food abundance and famine, and intelligence, because it may enable the flexibility needed to cope with such changeable food supplies but is little studied in wild orangutans. Study involves tracking of morio travel and factors thought to guide it (e.g., when/where food is available, travel cues), to identify ranging patterns and links to food and intelligence. Our first year's data already show these morio range farther than thought and know where and perhaps when to find good resources; unusually, they often eat terrestrial herbs and often travel and forage on the ground. Scientific implications are that morio ranging is more flexible and more like that of other Bornean orangutans than thought, and relies on knowledge of space and time in ways similar to other primates. These morio also resemble African apes in their terrestrial travel and feeding, suggesting an option open to Asian as well as African great apes for surviving in very poor forests. For conservation, findings are valuable in clarifying the size and quality of habitat that morio now need in this region, and their ranging and dietary flexibility in the face of habitat change. Longer-term study aims to verify and extend these early findings, and to cover more extreme food swings, larger areas of habitat, use of subtle travel cues (e.g., time, social), and travel efficiencies.

该项目包括长期（5年）研究婆罗洲红毛猩猩的活动范围和饮食，地点是我们于2010年在加里曼丹（印尼婆罗洲）库泰国家公园开设的一个新的野外地点。婆罗洲红毛猩猩现在被认为是一个独特的亚种，名叫Pongo pygmaeus morio。莫里奥在最恶劣的猩猩栖息地生存下来，具有非凡的恢复力和其他独特的特征，对科学很重要，对保护濒危物种的脆弱种群也很重要。我之所以选择研究加里曼丹的莫里奥，是因为人们对它们的认识已经过时，部分原因是它们的栖息地发生了重大变化，而研究范围，是因为它可以很好地概述它们的行为和栖息地的利用（例如，它们去哪里、走多远、在那里发现了什么、做了什么）。目的是重新评估morio的分布特征和对它们的两个主要影响：喂养生态学，因为它的特点是在极端食物丰富和饥荒之间的不规则波动之上发生重大变化；智力，因为它可能使应对这种变化的食物供应所需的灵活性，但在野生猩猩中很少研究。研究包括追踪morio旅行和被认为是引导它的因素（例如，何时/何地有食物，旅行线索），以确定范围模式以及食物和智力之间的联系。我们第一年的数据已经表明，这些morio的范围比想象的要大，并且知道在哪里以及何时可以找到好的资源；不同寻常的是，它们经常吃陆生草本植物，经常在地面上旅行和觅食。科学意义是，莫里奥的活动范围比我们想象的更灵活，更像其他婆罗洲猩猩，并且与其他灵长类动物相似，依赖于空间和时间的知识。这些莫里奥在陆地旅行和进食方面也与非洲猿类相似，这表明亚洲和非洲类人猿在非常贫瘠的森林中生存的选择是开放的。对于保护而言，研究结果对于澄清该地区莫里奥现在需要的栖息地的大小和质量，以及面对栖息地变化时它们的分布和饮食灵活性具有重要价值。长期研究的目的是验证和扩展这些早期发现，并涵盖更极端的食物波动、更大的栖息地、使用微妙的旅行线索（如时间、社会）和旅行效率。