Ranging and diet in E Bornean orangutans

东婆罗洲猩猩的活动范围和饮食

• 批准号: 42384-2012
• 负责人: Russon, Anne
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568896
• 关键词: Ranging; diet; Bornean; orangutans

This program involves long-term (5 year) study of ranging and diet in E Bornean orangutans at a new field site we opened in 2010, in Kutai National Park, E Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). E Bornean orangutans are now considered a distinct subspecies, Pongo pygmaeus morio. Morio are important to science for surviving in the worst orangutan habitat and the exceptional resilience and other unique traits that enable them to do so, and to conservation as a fragile population of an endangered species. I chose to study morio in E Kalimantan because understanding is outdated, partly due to major changes to their habitat, and to study ranging because it offers a good overview of their behavior and habitat use (e.g. where and how far they go, what they find and do there). Aims are to re-assess morio ranging traits and two main influences on them: feeding ecology, because it is characterized by major change on top of irregular swings between extreme food abundance and famine, and intelligence, because it may enable the flexibility needed to cope with such changeable food supplies but is little studied in wild orangutans. Study involves tracking of morio travel and factors thought to guide it (e.g., when/where food is available, travel cues), to identify ranging patterns and links to food and intelligence. Our first year's data already show these morio range farther than thought and know where and perhaps when to find good resources; unusually, they often eat terrestrial herbs and often travel and forage on the ground. Scientific implications are that morio ranging is more flexible and more like that of other Bornean orangutans than thought, and relies on knowledge of space and time in ways similar to other primates. These morio also resemble African apes in their terrestrial travel and feeding, suggesting an option open to Asian as well as African great apes for surviving in very poor forests. For conservation, findings are valuable in clarifying the size and quality of habitat that morio now need in this region, and their ranging and dietary flexibility in the face of habitat change. Longer-term study aims to verify and extend these early findings, and to cover more extreme food swings, larger areas of habitat, use of subtle travel cues (e.g., time, social), and travel efficiencies.

该计划涉及长期（5年）在E婆罗洲红毛猩猩的范围和饮食的研究在一个新的领域网站，我们在2010年开放，在Kutai国家公园，E加里曼丹（印度尼西亚婆罗洲）。 婆罗洲猩猩现在被认为是一个独特的亚种，Pongo pygmaeus morio。 Morio对科学很重要，因为它能在最恶劣的猩猩栖息地生存，并具有特殊的适应力和其他独特的特征，使它们能够这样做，并作为濒危物种的脆弱种群进行保护。 我选择在E加里曼丹研究莫里奥，因为了解已经过时，部分原因是它们栖息地的重大变化，并研究测距，因为它提供了一个很好的概述他们的行为和栖息地的使用（例如，他们去哪里和多远，他们在那里发现和做什么）。其目的是重新评估Morio的测距特性和两个主要影响因素：摄食生态，因为它的特点是在极端食物丰富和饥荒之间的不规则波动上发生重大变化，以及智力，因为它可能使科普这种多变的食物供应所需的灵活性，但很少在野生猩猩中研究。研究涉及跟踪morio旅行和被认为引导它的因素（例如，何时/何处有食物，旅行线索），以识别测距模式以及与食物和情报的联系。我们第一年的数据已经表明，这些莫里奥人的活动范围比想象的要远，他们知道在哪里，也许什么时候能找到好的资源;不寻常的是，他们经常吃陆地上的草药，经常在地面上旅行和觅食。 科学的意义是，莫里奥的测距比想象的更灵活，更像其他婆罗洲猩猩，并且以类似于其他灵长类动物的方式依赖于空间和时间的知识。这些Morio在陆地旅行和进食方面也类似于非洲猿，这表明亚洲和非洲大猿在非常贫瘠的森林中生存的选择。 对于保护来说，这些发现对于澄清森鸟在这一地区所需要的栖息地的大小和质量，以及面对栖息地变化时它们的范围和饮食灵活性是有价值的。长期研究旨在验证和扩展这些早期发现，并涵盖更极端的食物波动，更大的栖息地面积，使用微妙的旅行线索（例如，时间、社交）和旅行效率。