Novel numerical and experimental methods for efficient assessment of the structural safety and rehabilitation strategies of dams and water-structure systems

该研究计划提出了新的数值和实验方法，用于有效评估大坝和水结构系统的结构安全和修复策略。大坝和水结构的故障可能会导致灾难性的后果，其影响范围远远超出因水释放而受损结构的邻近区域。这些结构大多已服役50多年，其最初设计可能无法满足现代安全标准。这项工作的重点是开发可靠的2D/3D数值工具，以有效和严格地模拟冰盖对混凝土坝的地震和洪水安全的影响。将使用有限元（FE）和计算流体动力学（CFD）方法。将提供关于在北方气候条件下水坝的地震和洪水安全评估中包括冰盖影响的重要性的指导方针和说明性案例研究目录。可靠、准确地预测动水压力对大坝、闸门、储罐、进水塔、船闸等与水接触的结构物的地震安全性评价至关重要。这些建筑物中的大多数是关键的震后生命线系统，沿着电力和供水网络。本研究的一部分旨在开发新的简化，但严格的方法，实际评估的地震易损性的水结构系统。所提出的方法将考虑水的可压缩性、流体域边界处的能量耗散、基础柔性、冰盖和3D效应。这些方法将在计算机应用程序中编程，并以适合优化设计和快速地震脆弱性筛选的格式执行。最后，本建议将解决新的振动台试验程序，研究大规模的新的和修复的混凝土大坝水库，冰和地震荷载。一个原始的附加质量系统，占静态，水动力和冰荷载的大型重力坝标本将被开发和用于实验评估的非线性响应的重力坝，识别故障模式和验证的数值预测模型。

This research program proposes novel numerical and experimental methods for efficient assessment of the structural safety and rehabilitation strategies of dams and water-structure systems. Dam and water-structure failures may lead to catastrophic consequences, extending far beyond the immediate neighbourhood of the damaged structure due to water release. Most of these structures have been in service over 50 years, and their initial design may fail to meet modern safety criteria. This work will focus on developing reliable 2D/3D numerical tools to effectively and rigorously simulate ice cover effects on the seismic and flood safety of concrete dams. Finite Element (FE) and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Methods will be used. Guidelines and a catalogue of illustrative case studies on the significance of including ice cover effects in the seismic and flood safety assessment of dams in northern climates will be provided. Reliable and accurate prediction of hydrodynamic pressure is of uppermost importance to the seismic safety evaluation of structures vibrating in contact with water including dams, gates, storage tanks, intake towers, and navigation locks. Most of these structures are critical post-earthquake lifeline systems along with electric and water distribution networks. Part of this research aims at developing novel simplified and yet rigorous methods for practical assessment of the seismic vulnerability of water-structure systems. The proposed methods will account for water compressibility, energy dissipation at the fluid domain boundaries, foundation flexibility, ice cover and 3D effects. The methods will be programmed in computer applications and implemented in a format amenable to optimized design and rapid seismic vulnerability screening. Finally, this proposal will address novel shake table testing procedures for studying large scale new and rehabilitated concrete dams subjected to reservoir, ice and seismic loadings. An original added-mass system to account for static, hydrodynamic and ice loads on large scale gravity dam specimens will be developed and used to experimentally assess the nonlinear response of gravity dams, identify failure modes and validate the numerical predictive models.