Novel numerical simulation tools for the vulnerability assessment and rehabilitation of critical structures against the effects of floods and climate change

包括水坝、堤坝和桥梁在内的关键基础设施与极端水流和相关材料(如碎屑和冰)的动态相互作用可能会严重影响它们的结构完整性，导致它们过度损坏，有时甚至倒塌。与这种现象相关的灾难性破坏(在春季洪水、冰冻等期间)最近几年特别严重，造成了重大的社会经济后果(人员损失、经济损失、基础设施破坏)。气候变化下的预测突出了这样一个事实，即极端事件将在未来以更高的强度、频率和持续时间重复发生，对基础设施造成更大的威胁。了解流体-结构相互作用的动态影响对于量化极端水流对预防和缓解措施所需基础设施的影响具有至关重要的作用。高效、经过充分验证和可靠的模拟工具是提供这种理解所必需的，为工程师和决策者提供明智的选择。现有的FRQNT-Team项目旨在(1)开发流固耦合数值工具，用于评估关键结构在极端水流和相关材料影响下的脆弱性；(2)开发实验方案并使用它们来验证所提出的技术；以及(3)将所提出的方法应用于大坝、堤坝和桥梁的实际案例。然而，实际应用的计划是以历史水流状况的数据为基础的，没有考虑气候变化的重要影响以及对极端水流的规模和频率的未来预测。为解决这一知识差距，目前拟议的研究项目扩大了现有项目的范围，纳入目标(4)，将所开发的流体结构数值工具与水文气候预测工具相结合，以评估在未来气候变异性加剧的情况下关键结构的脆弱性。拟议的研究将为加拿大和魁北克带来重大的社会经济效益，即通过更好地了解气候变化下极端流动背景下的流体-结构相互作用，并通过为加拿大工程师和科学家提供这一领域的尖端工具。所开发的实验方法和经过验证的数值工具将有助于评估关键基础设施面临的风险，并在气候变化引起的极端水流(如洪水)和相关物质(如冰和碎屑)的背景下制定修复解决办法。

The dynamic interaction of critical infrastructures, including dams, dikes, and bridges, with extreme flows and associated materials (e.g., debris, and ice) can significantly affect their structural integrity, lead to their excessive damage, and sometimes even their collapse. The catastrophic devastations associated with such phenomena (during spring floods, ice jams, etc.) have been particularly severe in recent years, with significant socio-economic consequences (human losses, economic losses, infrastructure damage). Projections under changing climate highlight the fact that extreme events will be repeated in the future with higher intensity, frequency, and duration, causing larger threats to the infrastructures. Understanding the dynamic effects of fluid-structure interactions had a crucial role in quantification of the impact of extreme flows on infrastructures needed for prevention and mitigation measures. Efficient, well-validated, and reliable simulation tools are necessary to provide such understanding feeds the informed choices of engineers and decision-makers. The existing FRQNT-team project aimed at (1) developing the fluid-structure interaction numerical tools for assessment of the vulnerability of critical structures to the effects of extreme flows and associated materials, (2) developing experimental protocols and use them to validate the proposed techniques, and (3) application of the proposed methodology to real cases of dams, dikes, and bridges. The plan for the real-case application was, however, on the base of data from historical flow conditions, and did not consider the important impact of climate change and the future projection of the magnitude and frequency of extreme flows. To address this knowledge gap, the current proposed research project extends the scope of the existing project to include the objective (4) as integrating the developed fluid-structure numerical tools with the hydro-climatological projection tools to assess the vulnerability of critical structure under future's heightened climate variability. The proposed research will have a significant socio-economic benefit to Canada and Quebec, namely by leading to a better understanding of fluid-structure interaction in the context of extreme flow under changing climate, and by providing Canadian engineers and scientists with cutting-edge tools in this field. The experimental methodology and validated numerical tools developed will be instrumental in assessing the risks to critical infrastructures and developing rehabilitation solutions in the context extreme flows (e.g. floods) and associate material (e.g. ice and debris) induced by climate change.