Biochemical and genetic characterization of mechanisms used by soil bacteria to enhance plant growth

土壤细菌促进植物生长机制的生化和遗传特征

• 批准号: 312491-2011
• 负责人: Patten, Cheryl
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=548761
• 关键词: Biochemical; genetic; characterization; mechanisms; used

The area around the roots of plants is rich with microbial life. Some of these microbes naturally colonize seeds and roots, and stimulate root development. This is beneficial for the plants as it increases absorption of water and soil nutrients, and helps to establish young seedlings in soil. These microbes have the potential to be applied to agricultural soil to increase crop yields. The long-term goal of my research program is to understand how beneficial soil bacteria enhance plant growth. Many bacteria produce the plant hormone indoleacetic acid and we have established that this is important for root growth stimulation by some bacteria. However, indoleacetic acid is also produced by soil bacteria that induce tumors and other lesions in plants. Differences in the amount of indoleacetic acid produced by the bacteria may explain their different effects on host plants, and therefore we will determine the environmental and molecular factors that control bacterial indoleacetic acid production. Using molecular identification techniques, we have found that the beneficial soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp. GR12-2 is most closely related to the Pseudomonas syringae group of plant pathogens. The beneficial bacterium likely has genes required for plant growth stimulation that are not present in the related pathogens and therefore we propose to sequence the genome of Pseudomonas sp. GR12-2 and compare the sequence to the known genome sequences of the closely related pathogens. Comparison of the genomes among these bacteria will reveal novel mechanisms of plant growth-promotion and will provide insight into the evolution of plant growth-promoting bacteria.

植物根部周围的区域充满了微生物。这些微生物中的一些自然地定植在种子和根部，并刺激根部发育。这对植物是有益的，因为它增加了对水和土壤养分的吸收，并有助于在土壤中建立幼苗。这些微生物有可能应用于农业土壤以提高作物产量。我的研究计划的长期目标是了解有益的土壤细菌如何促进植物生长。许多细菌产生植物激素吲哚乙酸，我们已经确定，这是重要的根生长刺激的一些细菌。然而，吲哚乙酸也是由土壤细菌产生的，这些细菌会诱导植物的肿瘤和其他病变。细菌产生的吲哚乙酸量的差异可以解释它们对宿主植物的不同影响，因此我们将确定控制细菌吲哚乙酸生产的环境和分子因素。利用分子鉴定技术，我们发现有益的土壤细菌假单胞菌GR 12 -2与植物病原菌假单胞菌组的关系最密切。有益细菌可能具有植物生长刺激所需的基因，而这些基因在相关病原体中不存在，因此我们建议对假单胞菌GR 12 -2的基因组进行测序，并将该序列与密切相关的病原体的已知基因组序列进行比较。这些细菌的基因组比较将揭示新的植物生长促进机制，并将提供深入了解植物生长促进细菌的进化。