Three-phase (GLS) pipline flows: flow regimes, friction losses and particle transport

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The transport of three-phase gas-liquid-solid (GLS) mixtures has been practically ignored. As a result, efficient commercial development or utilization of GLS pipeline transport in areas such as biomass refining or energy conversion, accurate flow metering in microelectric circuitry polishing, nuclear waste decommissioning or effluent treatment has been greatly hampered. Previous studies of solids-laden three-phase pipeline transport are few in number and have been conducted over a very narrow range of conditions. Empirical models have been developed but they are extremely limited in application because they are founded upon such narrow operating ranges. The end result is that there is no reasonable, broad understanding of GLS three-phase pipeline transport.