Distributions of selection coefficients from phylogenomic data - modeling the time-heterogeneity of the substitution process

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Thanks to the availability of a broad spectrum of bio-molecular data, and the capabilities of modern computing machines, the field of statistical modeling of molecular evolution has been undergoing rapid advances in recent years. Among these advances are a class of substitution models known as mutation-selection models, in which distinct parameters are assigned to mutational features and selective effects. These models are inspired by population-genetics theory, yet are applicable to the analysis of homologous genes sampled across several different species. Using the formalisms of probability theory, one can quantify the evidence for a given model, and by comparing the evidence for several alternative forms of mutation-selection models, one can understand the relative importance of the different elements bearing on the overall, long-term evolutionary process.