Dynamic scene processing in humans

人类的动态场景处理

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04474
• 负责人: Faubert, Jocelyn
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=566548
• 关键词: Dynamic; scene; processing; humans

When someone crosses the street at a busy intersection this person has to simultaneously process a multitude of elements, many of which are dynamic. The person must be able to perceive when the cars are moving in a collision path and must be able to avoid pedestrians in the crowd. Many of these events are happening simultaneously. The person must process all of this information, make decisions about what is happening around and subsequently physically respond in a congruent fashion to avoid a catastrophic outcome. A similar analogy can be made for sports where situations can sometimes be even more demanding then the above example. Regardless of how critical these activities may be in our daily lives, we still know relatively little about how we process this type of information, as it is inherently complex. The program I propose for my NSERC discovery grant is to build a better understanding of how we process dynamic scenes and how conditions may affect this processing. The short-term objectives of my research program are: 1) To determine the fundamental role of stereoscopy on dynamic scene processing. 2) To determine the impact of increased physiological (i.e. fatigue) load on the learning functions for dynamic scene processing. 3) To determine the impact of increased motor load on the learning functions for dynamic scene processing. 4) To determine what are the distinguishing factors between elite-performance populations, such as professional, high-level amateur athletes, and non-athletic subjects for perceptual-cognitive learning and transfer. 5) To assess the changes in brain activity as a function of training on these tasks with EEG measures. Long-term objectives are: 1) Build a better understanding of the different elements used for processing socially relevant complex dynamic scenes such as pedestrian-crowd movements or sports activities. 2) Establish whether training programs using isolated dynamics such as 3D-MOT are superior to other types of learning such as video gaming training for processing dynamic complex scenes. 3) Establish the extent of transferability from training programs to more general abilities related to daily-activities. 4) Compare different elite-performance populations to determine whether the differences seen in elite-athletes learning can also be observed for other populations such as air force pilots, professional drivers or anyone that has to make rapid decisions with information coming from multiple simultaneous sources in an attempt to assess whether the fundamental mechanisms involved in expertise-related demands are common across a broader spectrum of human activities 5) Develop knowledge that will also lead to new and improved methodologies and licensing with a variety of partners to allow further job opportunities to our HQP within and outside of academia. The projects proposed are feasible and a direct continuation with my previous NSERC-funded research. This program has been very successful in producing HQP training and it is anticipated to continue to be successful in this regard.

当有人在繁忙的十字路口过马路时，这个人必须同时处理大量的元素，其中许多是动态的。这个人必须能够感知汽车何时在碰撞路径上移动，并且必须能够避开人群中的行人。其中许多事件是同时发生的。这个人必须处理所有这些信息，对周围发生的事情做出决定，然后以一致的方式做出身体反应，以避免灾难性的结果。类似的类比也可以用在体育运动中，那里的情况有时甚至比上面的例子更苛刻。不管这些活动在我们的日常生活中有多重要，我们仍然对我们如何处理这类信息知之甚少，因为它本身就很复杂。我为我的NSERC发现基金提出的计划是更好地理解我们如何处理动态场景以及条件如何影响这种处理。我的研究计划的短期目标是：1)确定立体在动态场景处理中的基本作用。2)确定生理（如疲劳）负荷增加对动态场景处理学习功能的影响。3)确定电机负载增加对动态场景处理学习功能的影响。4)确定精英人群（如专业运动员、高水平业余运动员和非运动对象）在感知认知学习和迁移方面的区别因素。5)通过脑电图测量来评估脑活动的变化作为这些任务训练的功能。长期目标是：1)更好地理解用于处理与社会相关的复杂动态场景（如行人-人群运动或体育活动）的不同元素。2)确定在处理动态复杂场景时，使用3D-MOT等孤立动态的训练方案是否优于视频游戏训练等其他类型的学习。3)建立从培训项目到与日常活动相关的更一般能力的可转移程度。4)比较不同的精英人群，以确定精英运动员学习中的差异是否也可以在其他人群中观察到，如空军飞行员；专业驾驶员或任何必须对来自多个同时来源的信息做出快速决策的人，试图评估与专业知识相关的需求所涉及的基本机制是否在更广泛的人类活动中是共同的5)发展知识，这也将导致新的和改进的方法，并与各种合作伙伴一起获得许可，从而为学术界内外的HQP提供更多的工作机会。提议的项目是可行的，并且是我之前nserc资助的研究的直接延续。该项目在HQP培训方面非常成功，预计在这方面将继续取得成功。